Table 2.

Changes in clinical measures and dietary intakes within the pre-COVID and COVID groups (Adjusted mean ± SE).

		pre-COVID	COVID	t-value	P-value
Clinical Measures	Weight (kg)	−1.2 ± 0.87	3.01 ± 0.77	3.40	0.001*
	Fat-free mass (kg)	−0.26 ± 0.56	0.37 ± 0.48	0.93	0.36
	Fat mass (kg)	0.092 ± 0.82	2.76 ± 0.72	2.29	0.024*
	Percent fat (%)	0.34 ± 0.64	1.31 ± 0.56	1.07	0.29
	BMI (kg/m2)	−0.30 ± 0.32	1.01 ± 0.28	2.86	0.005*
	Systolic BP (mmHg)	−1.88 ± 2.11	1.55 ± 1.88	1.14	0.26
	Diastolic BP (mmHg)	−3.02 ± 1.30	0.857 ± 1.15	2.10	0.039*
	Fasting Glucose (mg/dL)	1.00 ± 2.28	4.07 ± 2.05	0.97	0.34
	HbA1c (%)	0.006 ± 0.054	−0.065 ± 0.038	−1.0	0.32
	Total Cholesterol (mg/dL)	1.62 ± 3.77	11.36 ± 3.35	1.81	0.074
	HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)	−3.20 ± 1.36	−0.069 ± 1.20	1.62	0.12
	LDL-Cholesterol (mg/dL)	3.53 ± 3.43	10.66 ± 3.03	1.47	0.15
	Triglycerides (mg/dL)	11.3 ± 7.33	3.7 ± 6.57	−0.72	0.47
Dietary Intake	Total energy intake (kcal)	−65.9 ± 86.9	−117.3 ± 77.9	−0.41	0.68
	Energy intake of solid foods (kcal)	−90.7 ± 78.6	−91.0 ± 70.5	−0.003	0.1
	Energy density (ED) of solid food (kcal/g)	0.006 ± 0.046	0.039 ± 0.041	0.51	0.61
	Fruit (g)	8.69 ± 13.7	−28.21 ± 12.3	−1.88	0.064
	Vegetables (g)	−1.59 ± 34.2	7.75 ± 30.7	0.19	0.85
	Sugar-sweetened beverages (g)	20.9 ± 23.2	−20.0 ± 20.9	−1.23	0.22
	Alcohol (g)	10.2 ± 26.2	−26.8 ± 23.2	−0.99	0.33
	Total snack foods (g)	−25.7 ± 7.39	−11.4 ± 6.10	1.47	0.15
	Salty snack foods (g)	−1.88 ± 1.75	1.33 ± 1.57	1.28	0.20
	Sweet snack foods (g)	−23.9 ± 6.79	−11.4 ± 6.10	1.29	0.20
	Fats and oils (g)	−0.57 ± 1.70	5.35 ± 1.52	2.44	0.017*
	High ED solid foods (g)	−6.40 ± 6.12	1.77 ± 5.49	0.93	0.36
	Low ED solid foods (g)	−24.8 ± 41.4	−18.1 ± 37.2	−1.33	0.19

High energy dense (ED) foods ≥3.5 kcal/g, low ED foods ≤1.2 kcal/g.

*P < 0.05.