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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Sep 17.
Published in final edited form as: J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2022 Mar 17;32(4):629–636. doi: 10.1038/s41370-022-00420-1

Table 1.

Descriptive characteristics of the participants and study households, N = 79

Mean (SD) or N (%)
Participant characteristics
Mother’s age, Mean (SD) 28.8 (7.0)
Child’s age, Mean (SD) 4.13 (0.32)
Mother’s educational level, N (%)
 None 47 (60)
 Primary school 12 (15)
 Middle/Junior High School 15 (19)
 Technical/Commercial/Senior High School and above 5 (6)
Wealth index, Mean (SD) −0.13 (1.68)
Primary cooking fuel type, N (%)
 Wood 76 (96)
 Charcoal 2 (3)
 Other 1 (1)
Primary cooking location, N (%)
 Totally open 40 (51)
 Roof only 9 (11)
 Veranda 9 (11)
 Partially enclosed (2–3 walls with roof) 5 (6)
 Fully enclosed 16 (20)
Household characteristics
Secondhand smoking, N (%) 13 (16)
Count of compounds within a 50m radius, Mean (SD) 7.4 (3.9)
Count of residents within a 50m radius, Mean (SD) 54 (33)