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. 2022 Aug 5;13(8):681. doi: 10.1038/s41419-022-05089-w

Fig. 9. sEVs derived from Cx43-overexpressing human chondrocytes promote OA-phenotype in bone and synovial cells.

Fig. 9

a Senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity (SA-β-Gal) levels were upregulated in both BC (left) and SV (right) treated for 48 h with sEVs derived from Cx43-overexpressing T/C-28a2 chondrocytes. n = 3, one-way ANOVA. b Treatment of BC (left, n = 4) and SV (right, n = 4–5) with sEVs derived from Cx43-overexpressing T/C-28a2 chondrocytes (sEVs-T/C-Cx43) for 48 h increased p16 and p21 gene expression levels. One-way ANOVA. c IL-1β, IL-6 and MMP-3 expression was upregulated in both bone cells (left) and synovial f cells (right) after treatment with sEVs derived from Cx43-overexpressing T/C-28a2 chondrocytes (sEVs-T/C-Cx43) for 48 h. n = 4, one-way ANOVA. d Treatment of BC (n = 4) with sEVs derived from Cx43-overexpressing T/C-28a2 chondrocytes (sEVs-T/C-Cx43) for 48 h increased SNAI1 and SNAI1 gene expression levels. One-way ANOVA. e The treatment of BC (left) and SV (right) with sEVs isolated from Cx43-overexpressing T/C-28a2 chondrocytes (sEVs-T/C-Cx43) promoted NF-kβ nuclear translocation. n = 4–5, one-way ANOVA. Data are expressed as mean ± S.E.M., *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.0001.