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The structure of the potential mechanism of intra-cecal infusion of propionate suppressing acute appetite in pigs. The black up and down arrows indicate an increase and decrease after propionate treatment, respectively. The solid and dashed arrows indicate direct and indirect processes, respectively. FFAR2 = free fatty acid receptor 2; FFAR3 = free fatty acid receptor 3; PYY = peptide YY; GLP-1 = glucagon-like peptide 1; AgRP = agouti-related protein.
