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. 2022 Aug 5;12:13508. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-17752-5

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Gold nanoparticle characterization. (a) Gold nanoparticles are decorated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) for improved stability and a peptide containing integrin binding domain RGD, to improve uptake into tumours. (b) The hydrodynamic diameter of the gold nanoparticles was measured using dynamic light scattering, following functionalization with PEG and RGD. (c) Scanning electron microscopy of the gold nanoparticles. Scale bar is 500 nm. (d) ζ-potential of the gold nanoparticles before and after functionalization with PEG and RGD.