Figure 4.

Characterization of AOAO rotation and cilia motility in the presence of cilia beating inhibitors

(A) Diagram showing AOAO rotational motion in response to EHNA or paclitaxel treatment.

(B) Computational methods used for calculating organoid angular speed following 1 mM EHNA treatment for 2 h.

(C) Quantification of organoid angular speed following 2-h treatment of EHNA at various concentrations.

(D) CBF analyzed via conventional kymographs following 1, 0.3, and 0.1 mM EHNA treatment for 2 h.

(E) TEM imaging of ciliary ultrastructure with and without 24-h paclitaxel (20 μM) treatment. Scale bar, 100 nm. Arrowheads indicated mislocated microtubules.

(F) Time-series analysis of paclitaxel’s effect on AOAO angular speed.

(G) Change in organoid angular speed in the presence or absence of 20 μM paclitaxel treatment for 24 h.

(H) CBF quantification via kymograph analysis in the presence or absence of 20 μM Paclitaxel for 24 h. Data represent means ± SD from three independent replicates with ≥10 organoids. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, Unpaired t-test/one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test.