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. 2022 Jul 22;13:921728. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.921728

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Copyright © 2022 Yap, Ueda, Kanemitsu, Takeda, Fukumitsu, Fukuda, Uemura, Tajiri, Ohkubo, Maeno, Ito, Oguri, Ugawa and Niimi

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Stimulation of MRC-5 cells using TNF–WD–PolyIC. (A) Gene expressions of IL1B, IL2, IL6, IL8, MMP8, and MMP9. Exposure to Poly (I:C) increased the gene expressions of IL1B, IL6, and IL8 (P < 0.005), but not those of IL2, MMP8, and MMP9 [(-)-WD-(-) vs. (-)-WD–PolyIC]. Pretreatment with TNFα did not enhance the cytokine gene expressions. However, MMP9 expression was significantly increased (P < 0.05) [(-)-WD–PolyIC vs. TNF–WD–PolyIC]. N = 4. (B) IL6 release was significantly increased upon preexposure to TNFα (10 ng/ml) and secondarily treated with Poly (I:C), However, low levels of IL6 were detected (< 100 pg/ml). N = 4. Values with * were defined significant when compared to (-)-WD-(-) while *above bar were significant between two variables.