Fig. 4.

Effects of flavonols on the activation of MAPK signaling pathways in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Cells were pretreated with flavonols for 4 h and induced with LPS (1 μg/ml) for 30 min. The protein expression levels of p-JNK, JNK, p-ERK, ERK, p-MEK, MEK, p-p38, and p38 in Fis (A), Que (B), and Myr (C) were determined by western blotting. Values were mean ± SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ****P < 0.0001 versus LPS, ^####P < 0.0001 versus Control.