Table 2.
Participant injury-related characteristics, and post-injury (baseline) psychological and health status
| Characteristics | Participants (N = 1533) |
|---|---|
| Injury-related factors | |
| Accident type, n (%) | |
| Car (driver) | 508 (33.1) |
| Car (passenger) | 119 (7.8) |
| Motorbike | 535 (34.9) |
| Bicyclist | 258 (16.8) |
| Pedestrian | 94 (6.1) |
| Skateboard | 18 (1.2) |
| Admitted to hospital, n (%)a | 752 (49.1) |
| Recruitment site, n (%) | |
| Hospital (all) | 1445 (94.3) |
| Physio/GP/online/databases | 88 (5.7) |
| Hospital length of stay (days), n (%)a | |
| ≤ 1 or no presentation to hospital | 1011 (65.9) |
| 2–6 | 378 (24.7) |
| ≥ 7 | 143 (9.3) |
| Injury Severity Score, n (%) | |
| 1–3 | 795 (51.9) |
| 4–8 | 575 (37.5) |
| 9–11 | 102 (6.7) |
| 12 + | 61 (4.0) |
| Perceived danger of death, n (%)a | |
| Overwhelming | 134 (8.7) |
| Great | 243 (15.9) |
| Moderate | 294 (19.2) |
| Small | 310 (20.2) |
| None | 526 (34.3) |
| Insurance claim, n (%) | 408 (26.6) |
| Post-injury psychological and physical health status | |
| IES-R ≥ 4.5/12 (elevated post-traumatic stress), n (%) | 502 (32.7) |
| DASS-21 ≥ 15/63 (probable major depressive disorder), n (%) | 454 (29.6) |
| Pain severity (NRS), mean (SD) | 4.2 (2.6) |
| OMPSQ-SF ≥ 50/100 (high risk), n (%) | 386 (25.2) |
| PCS (high ≥ 30/52), n (%) | 230 (15.0) |
aMissing data: Hospital admission information (n = 1) and perceived danger of death (n = 26). IES-R Impact of Events Scale Revised, DASS-21 Depression and Anxiety Stress Scales, NRS Numeric Rating Scale, OMPSQ SF Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire Short Form, PCS Pain Catastrophizing Scale