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. 2022 Aug 5;22:607. doi: 10.1186/s12909-022-03662-7

Table 2.

Study characteristics and risk of bias assessment

Author(s) Publication date Type of study Geographical location Medical School Type of clinical examination In-person or online examination Number of candidates; stations Pa S R E
Adeleke et al. [41] 1.12.20 Published case report South Africa Walter Sisulu University 6th year family and rural health OSCE In-person -;- H U U L
Ashokka et al. [42, 43]

13.5.20

27.5.20

Published case report

Webinar

 Singapore National University Health System OSCE In-person -;- H L U L
Bastanhagh et al. [38] 17.11.20 Published case report Iran Tehran University of Medical Sciences OSCE In-person -;- U L L U
Bauer et al. [44] 3.12.20 Published case report Switzerland University of Bern 3rd year OSCE In-person -;- H H U H
Boursicot et al. [35] 27.3.20 Published case report Singapore Duke-National University Singapore Medical School Final year (graduate medicine) OSCE In-person -;- H H H H
Canning et al. [36] 19.8.20 Published case report Singapore Duke-National University Singapore Medical School Supplementary final year (graduate medicine) OSCE In-person -;- H H H H
Fritsche et al. [45] 3.12.20 Pre-print case report Germany Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenburg, Medizinische Fasultät 6th year M3 structured examination (German state licencing examination) In-person -;- U H U U
Lee et al. [46] 2.2.21 Published commentary case report Hong Kong The University of Hong Kong, department of medicine Final year OSCE In-person -;- H H U H
Lee et al. [47] 16.7.20 Pre-print case report Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Honk Kong Final year OSCE In-person -;- H U U U
Lengerke et al. [48] 3.12.20 Published case report Germany Hannover Medical School 2nd year OSCE In-person -; 8 H U U U
Ngiam et al. [49] 18.10.20 Published short report Singapore Yoo Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Final year OSCE In-person -;- H U U U
Nourkami-Tutdibi et al. [50] 28.1.21 Published short report Germany Saarland University Ultrasound and echocardiography course OSCE In-person 45 in abdominal ultrasound group and 30 in echocardiography; - H U U U
Samaraseke et al. [40] 6.5.20 Published case report Singapore Yoo Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore End of year OSCE In-person -;- H U U U
Wiedenman et al. [39] 6.4.21 Published case report Germany Universitätsklinikum Freiburg Ophthalmology end of rotation OSCE In-person 164; 3 U L L U
Anraham et al. [51] 9.3.21 Published short report Canada University of Alberta 2nd year OSCE Online -; - L H U H
Blythe et al. [52] 20.4.21 Published case report UK Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry Final year supplementary OSCEs Online 9; 5 L H U H
Boyle et al. [53] 18.12.20 Published case report UK School of Medicine, Nursing and Dentistry Glasgow High stakes supplementary examinations OSCE Online -; - L H U H
Brown et al. [54] 11.8.21 Poster UK Bristol University Psychiatry mock OSCE Online -;- U H U U
Conti et al. [55] 11.8.21 Poster UK Queens University Belfast Final year psychiatry mock OSCE Online 24; 4 U U U U
Craig et al. [56] 5.7.20 Published case report Canada University of British Columbia 4th year supplementary OSCE Online 4; 7 U U H H
Faria et al. [57] 7.5.20 Published case report Brazil Centro Universitario Christus- Campus Parque Ecologico 3rd year OSCE Online -; 3 U H H H
Farrell et al. [58] 17.5.21 Abstract pre-print USA Harvard Medical School OSCE Online 160; 2 U H H H
Gracía-Seoane et al. [59] 5.2.21 Pre-print case report Spain 16 Spanish participating Medical Schools Final year OSCE Online 2829; 10 U H U H
Hamdy et al. [60] 15.06.21 Published case report UAE Gulf Medical School Final year VICEE Online 61; 5 U H U H
Hannon et al. [61] 16.5.20 Published case report USA School of Medicine, University of Utah Surgery, medicine and neurology clerkship OSCEs Online 49; 2 U H H H
Hopwood et al. [62] 20.10.20 Published case report UK University College London Medical School OSCE Online -; 18 U H H H
Lara et al. [63] 20.8.20 Published case report USA Uniformed Services University Betheseda Paediatric clerkship OSCE Online 49; 4 U H H U
Major et al. [64] 24.4.20 Published in practise report Qatar Weill Cornell Medical School 3rd year women’s reproductive and sexual health OSCE Online 9; - U H H H
Martinez et al. [65] 24.8.20 Published case report USA Florida Atlantic University Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine 1st year OSCE Online 47; - U L L H
Ryan et al. [66] 30.9.20 Published case report Australia University of Melbourne Doctor of Medicine program 2nd year (graduate medical students) OSCE Online 361; 2 U H H H
Setiawan et al. [67] 27.7.21 Published case report Indonesia Sultan Agung Islamic University 4th and 5th year surgical OSCE Online 270; - U U U L
Shaban et al. [68] 26.09.21 Published case report UAE United Arab Emirates University 3rd, 4th and 6th year end of year OSCEs Online

3rd year: 80,10

4th year: 69,9

6th year: 73,10

 U U U L
Shaiba et al. [69] 26.07.2021 Published case report Saudi Arabia College of Medicine, King Saud University Paediatric OSCE for final year students Online -;- U U U L
Shehata et al. [70] 16.10.20 Published case report Kingdom of Bahrain College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University OSCE Online 3; 8 U U H H
Shorbagi et al. [37] 27.7.21 Pre-print case report UAE University of Sharjah End of clerkship OSCE Online 105–108; - H H H H
Stewart et al. [71] 14.1.21 Published case report UK University of Buckingham Final year supplementary OSCE Online -; - U H U H

aP = underpinning bias, S = setting bias, R = resource bias, E = evaluation bias

H = high quality; U = unclear quality; L = low quality