Table 2.
Clinical characteristics of patients (n = 176)
| Characteristic | Patients (n) | Percent |
|---|---|---|
| Patient factors | ||
| Age, years | ||
| Median (range) | 70 (34–86) | |
| Interquartile range | 63–76 | |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 110 | 63 |
| Female | 66 | 37 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | ||
| Mean (SD) | 22.9 (3.2) | |
| Range | 15.4–35.3 | |
| ASA-PS | 27 | 15 |
| I | ||
| II | 138 | 78 |
| III | 10 | 5.6 |
| IV | 1 | 0.5 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 28 | 16 |
| Diagnosis | ||
| Pancreatic carcinoma | 79 | 45 |
| Cholangiocarcinoma | 47 | 27 |
| Carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater | 22 | 12 |
| Others | 28 | 16 |
| Jaundice | 82 | 47 |
| Preoperative biliary drainage | 104 | 59 |
| Preoperative cholangitis | 35 | 20 |
| Postoperative cholangitis | 19 | 11 |
| Operative factors | ||
| Operative time (min) | ||
| Median (range) | 451 (278–738) | |
| Interquartile range | 381–497 | |
| Blood loss (ml) | ||
| Median (range) | 594 (10–2450) | |
| Interquartile range | 330–1195 | |
| Blood transfusion | 33 | 19 |
| Width of remnant bile duct (mm) | ||
| Median (range) | 10 (4–40) | |
| Interquartile range | 8–12 | |
| Biliary stenting | 94 | 53 |
| Postoperative factors | ||
| POPF | ||
| Grade B or C | 84 | 48 |
| Bile leakage | 4 | 2.2 |
| DGE | 9 | 5.1 |
| Postoperative pneumobilia | 132 | 76 |
| Observation period (month) | ||
| Median (range) | 35 (11–115) | |
| Interquartile range | 18–58 |
SD standard deviation; POPF postoperative pancreatic fistula; DGE delayed gastric empty; ASA-PS American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status