Table 1.

Structure of flipped classroom combined with team-based learning (FC-TBL) and flipped classroom (FC)

Component	FC-TBL	FC
Pre-class (1 ~ 2 h)	Students learn pre-recorded lectures and supplementary materials	Students learn pre-recorded lectures and prepare the presentation according to the questions provided by the teacher
In-class (6 h)	15 min: IRAT 30 min: TRAT 30 min: teams simultaneously share their answers, followed by large group discussion 15 min: students summarize key points 230 min: students do experiments in groups 30 min: teams analyze the experiment results, followed by a large group discussion 10 min: post-test	15 min: pre-test (same questions as IRAT) 60 min: students have presentations and answer questions 15 min: teacher summarizes key points 230 min: students do experiments in groups 30 min: students answer the teacher’s questions about the experiment results 10 min: post-test
Post-class (1 h)	Peer evaluation Students finish the experiment report	Students finish the experiment report