Table 1.
Patient and preoperative characteristics
| Sham (n = 30) | PENG (n = 30) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age in years, mean (± SD)a | 68.3 (± 10.9) | 68.6 (± 9.5) | 0.91 |
| Gender, n (%)b | |||
| Male | 14 (47) | 13 (43) | 0.80 |
| Female | 16 (53) | 17 (57) | |
| Weight in kg, mean (± SD)a | 84.8 (± 20.8) | 88.6 (± 21.9) | 0.51 |
| BMI in kg/m2, median (IQR)c | 30.8 (27.5–32.8) | 33.2 (28.3–36.7) | 0.09 |
| Mobility, n (%)b | |||
| Independent (no aids) | 16 (53) | 10 (33) | 0.13 |
| Assisted (stick/walker/ wheelchair) | 14 (47) | 20 (67) | |
| Residence, n (%)d | |||
| Home | 30 (100) | 29 (97) | 1.00 |
| Assisted living | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | |
| ASA score, n (%)b | |||
| I | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.14 |
| II | 19 (63) | 13 (43) | |
| III | 10 (33) | 17 (57) | |
| IV | 1 (3) | 0 (0) | |
| History of anxiety and/or depression, n (%)d | |||
| Yes | 7 (23) | 3 (10) | 0.30 |
| No | 23 (77) | 27 (90) | |
| Chronic pain, n (%)d | |||
| Yes | 30 (100) | 28 (93) | 0.49 |
| No | 0 (0) | 2 (7) | |
| Preoperative pain score (NRS), n (%)b | |||
| None (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.44 |
| Mild (1–4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Moderate (5–7) | 7 (23) | 3 (10) | |
| Severe (8–10) | 23 (77) | 27 (90) | |
| Preoperative pain score (NRS), median (IQR)c | 8 (7.8–10) | 9 (8–10) | 0.20 |
| Preoperative Pain Catastrophising Scale Score median (IQR)c | 14.5 (6.75–38) | 17 (6–41) | 0.72 |
| Preoperative PROMIS Depression T Score, median (IQR)c | 52.3 (37.1–61.2) | 53.3 (37.1–62) | 0.88 |
| Preoperative PROMIS Anxiety T Score, median (IQR)c | 49.4 (37.1–58.4) | 47.7 (37.1–60.7) | 0.74 |
| Chronic opiate use, n (%)d | |||
| Yes | 7 (23) | 9 (30) | 0.56 |
| No | 23 (77) | 21 (70) | |
| Gabapentinoid use preoperatively, n (%)d | |||
| Yes | 3 (10) | 3 (10) | 1.00 |
| No | 27 (90) | 27 (90) | |
| Operative side, n (%)b | |||
| Left | 14 (47) | 14 (47) | 1.00 |
| Right | 16 (53) | 16 (53) | |
| Surgical procedure, n (%)d | |||
| Non-cemented total | 9 (30) | 8 (27) | 0.77 |
| Cemented total | 21 (70) | 22 (73) | |
| Surgical approach, n (%)b | |||
| Direct anterior | 15 (50) | 18 (60) | 0.44 |
| Posterior | 15 (50) | 12 (40) | |
| Type of anaesthesia for surgery, n (%)d | |||
| General | 1 (3) | 1 (3) | 1.00 |
| Spinal | 29 (97) | 29 (97) | |
Abbreviations: IQR Interquartile range, SD Standard deviation, PENG Pericapsular nerve group block, NRS Numeric rating scale, PROMIS Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System
a Student’s t-test used
b Chi2 test used
c Mann–Whitney U-test used
d Fisher’s exact test used