Table 2.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis for the Original Five-Factor Structure of the MECEQ and the Novel Four-Factor Model
| Original five-factor model | New four-factor model | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model fit indices | Full sample | Model fit indices | Random sample 2 | ||
| N = 857 | n = 428 | ||||
| Root Mean Square Error of Approximation | 0.048 (0.039 to 0.059) | Root Mean Square Error of Approximation | 0.049 (0.033 to 0.066) | ||
| Bentler’s Comparative Fit Index | 0.987 | Bentler’s Comparative Fit Index | 0.985 | ||
| Standardized Root Mean Square Residual | 0.023 | Standardized Root Mean Square Residual | 0.027 | ||
| χ2 (61) = 6345.89*** | χ2(55) = 2810.76*** | ||||
| MECEQ items by subscale | Loading | S.E. | MECEQ items by subscale | Loading | S.E. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vaping Satisfaction | 𝛼 = 0.90 | Stimulant Effects | 𝛼 = 0.89 | ||
| 1. E-cigarettes/vapes are satisfying | 0.91 | 0.01 | 5. Vaping makes me feel more awake | 0.85 | 0.02 |
| 2. Vaping tastes good | 0.82 | 0.02 | 7. Vaping helps me concentrate | 0.88 | 0.02 |
| 12. I enjoy vaping | 0.89 | 0.01 | 8. Vaping reduces my hunger for food | 0.79 | 0.03 |
| Psychological Reward | 𝛼 = 0.91 | Positive Reinforcement | 𝛼 = 0.88 | ||
| 4. Vaping calms me down | 0.89 | 0.01 | 2. Vaping tastes good | 0.80 | 0.03 |
| 5. Vaping makes me feel more awake | 0.91 | 0.02 | 3. I enjoy the sensations of vaping in my throat and chest | 0.86 | 0.02 |
| 6. Vaping makes me feel less irritable | 0.86 | 0.02 | 12. I enjoy vaping | 0.86 | 0.02 |
| 7. Vaping helps me concentrate | 0.86 | 0.01 | Negative Reinforcement | 𝛼 = 0.89 | |
| 8. Vaping reduces my hunger for food | 0.71 | 0.02 | 4. Vaping calms me down | 0.86 | 0.02 |
| Enjoyment of Respiratory Tract Sensations | — | 6. Vaping makes me feel less irritable | 0.83 | 0.03 | |
| 3. I enjoy the sensations of vaping in my throat and chest | 1.00 | 0.00 | 11. Vaping immediately relieves my craving for a cigarette | 0.8 | 0.03 |
| Craving Reduction | — | Aversion | 𝛼 = 0.87 | ||
| 11. Vaping immediately relieves my craving for a cigarette | 1.00 | 0.00 | 9. Vaping makes me dizzy | 0.90 | 0.03 |
| Aversion | 𝛼 = 0.86 | 10. Vaping makes me nauseous | 0.86 | 0.03 | |
| 9. Vaping makes me dizzy | 0.89 | 0.03 | |||
| 10. Vaping makes me nauseous | 0.86 | 0.03 | |||
𝛼 = Cronbach’s alpha; S.E. = standard error.
Factor loadings are standardized. The values in parentheses represent the 95% confidence interval for RMSEA.
***p < .001.