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. 2022 Mar 10;24(9):1396–1404. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntac062

Table 4.

Adjusted Relationships Between the Modified E-Cigarette Evaluation Questionnaire Subscales and Vaping-Related Outcomes

Original five-factor model
Past-month vaping frequency Total vaping duration Dependence Total Withdrawal Symptoms
B SE t 95% CI ηp2 B SE t 95% CI ηp2 B SE t 95% CI ηp2 B SE t 95% CI ηp2
Intercept 4.93 1.88 2.62 1.23 8.62 0.01*** 2.65 0.44 6.02 1.79 3.51 0.04*** 0.49 0.18 2.74 0.14 0.84 0.01** 23.36 1.81 14.59 22.81 29.90 0.21***
Female sex 0.48 0.67 0.72 −0.82 1.79 0.00 −0.13 0.16 −0.84 −0.44 0.18 0.00 −0.13 0.06 −2.12 −0.26 −0.01 0.01 −1.44 0.64 −2.27 −2.69 −0.19 0.01*
Age −0.07 0.03 −2.49 −0.13 −0.02 0.01* 0.03 0.01 4.41 0.02 0.04 0.02*** 0.00 0.00 −0.07 −0.01 0.01 0.00 −0.10 0.03 −3.45 −0.15 −0.04 0.01**
Race other than NH White −0.04 0.67 −0.05 −1.36 1.29 0.00 0.15 0.16 0.96 −0.16 0.46 0.00 −0.23 0.06 −3.55 −0.35 −0.10 0.02*** −0.90 0.64 −1.39 −2.16 0.37 0.00
Smoking Status (no) 4.07 1.05 3.87 2.00 6.14 0.02*** 1.12 0.25 4.56 0.64 1.61 0.03*** −0.09 0.10 −0.93 −0.29 0.10 0.00 −0.16 1.02 −0.16 −2.16 1.83 0.00
Nicotine Concentration 1.42 0.86 1.66 −0.26 3.10 0.00 −0.04 0.20 −0.19 −0.43 0.35 0.00 −0.27 0.08 −3.29 −0.43 −0.11 0.01** −2.71 0.82 −3.31 −4.32 −1.10 0.01**
Past-Month Vaping Frequency — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.00 −0.09 0.03 −2.78 −0.16 −0.03 0.01*
Satisfaction 2.09 0.42 4.99 1.27 2.92 0.02*** 0.51 0.10 5.19 0.32 0.70 0.03*** −0.03 0.04 −0.83 −0.11 0.05 0.00 −0.45 0.41 −1.10 −1.25 0.35 0.00
Psychological Reward 0.37 0.40 0.91 −0.43 1.16 0.00 −0.12 0.09 −1.29 −0.31 0.06 0.00 0.29 0.04 7.49 0.21 0.36 0.07*** 1.48 0.39 3.84 0.72 2.24 0.02***
Respiratory Tract 0.68 0.30 2.25 0.09 1.27 0.01* 0.18 0.07 2.52 0.04 0.32 0.01** 0.03 0.03 0.87 −0.03 0.08 0.00 −0.11 0.29 −0.37 −0.67 0.46 0.00
Craving Reduction 0.09 0.29 0.30 −0.48 0.66 0.00 0.07 0.07 1.09 −0.06 0.21 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.79 −0.03 0.08 0.00 −0.68 0.28 −2.46 −1.23 −0.14 0.01*
Aversion −0.60 0.20 −3.09 −0.99 −0.22 0.01** −0.35 0.05 −7.62 −0.44 −0.26 0.07*** 0.14 0.02 7.53 0.11 0.18 0.07*** 1.86 0.19 9.91 1.49 2.23 0.11***
New four-factor model
Intercept 6.21 1.82 3.42 2.64 9.78 0.02*** 1.05 0.19 5.55 0.68 1.42 0.04*** 0.44 0.18 2.47 0.09 0.79 0.01* 26.47 1.79 14.77 22.95 29.98 0.21***
Female Sex −0.10 0.63 −0.16 −1.34 1.14 0.00 −0.02 0.07 −0.36 −0.16 0.11 0.00 −0.13 0.06 −2.06 −0.25 −0.01 0.01* −1.56 0.64 −2.45 −2.81 −0.31 0.01*
Age 0.01 0.03 0.46 −0.05 0.07 0.00 0.01 0.00 4.91 0.01 0.02 0.03*** 0.00 0.00 −0.20 −0.01 0.01 0.00 −0.10 0.03 −3.75 −0.16 −0.05 0.02***
Race other than NH White −0.20 0.64 −0.32 −1.46 1.05 0.00 0.06 0.07 0.94 −0.07 0.20 0.00 −0.23 0.06 −3.53 −0.35 −0.10 0.02*** −1.00 0.65 −1.54 −2.27 0.27 0.00
Smoking Status (no) 6.25 1.03 6.08 4.23 8.27 0.05*** 0.47 0.11 4.39 0.26 0.68 0.02*** −0.13 0.10 −1.26 −0.32 0.07 0.00 −0.47 1.03 −0.46 −2.49 1.55 0.00
Nicotine Concentration 1.05 0.81 1.31 −0.53 2.64 0.00 0.01 0.09 0.11 −0.16 0.18 0.00 −0.26 0.08 −3.14 −0.42 −0.10 0.01** −2.68 0.83 −3.25 −4.30 −1.06 0.01*
Past-Month Vaping Frequency — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.84 0.00 0.01 0.00 −0.09 0.03 −2.81 −0.16 −0.03 0.01**
Stimulant Effects −0.09 0.32 −0.27 −0.72 0.55 0.00 −0.06 0.04 −1.71 −0.13 0.01 0.00 0.14 0.03 4.21 0.07 0.20 0.02*** 0.70 0.33 2.13 0.05 1.34 0.01*
Positive Reinforcement 1.74 0.38 4.54 0.99 2.49 0.03*** 0.24 0.04 6.13 0.16 0.32 0.04*** −0.02 0.04 −0.47 −0.09 0.06 0.00 −0.64 0.38 −1.67 −1.39 0.11 0.00
Negative Reinforcement 0.88 0.39 2.26 0.12 1.64 0.01* 0.07 0.04 1.84 −0.01 0.15 0.04* 0.19 0.04 4.88 0.11 0.26 0.03*** 0.23 0.38 0.61 −0.52 0.99 0.00
Aversion −0.33 0.19 −1.78 −0.70 0.04 0.00 −0.16 0.02 −7.90 −0.20 −0.12 0.07*** 0.15 0.02 7.79 0.11 0.19 0.07*** 1.88 0.19 9.86 1.50 2.25 0.11***

B = beta; CI = confidence interval; NH = Non-Hispanic; OR = adjusted odds ratio; SE = standard error; ηp2 = partial eta squared.

*p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001.