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. 2022 Jan 28;172:105951. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.105951

Table 3b.

Comparisons of mealtimes among chronotypes and daily conditions (workdays, free days, preferred schedules).

First eating event
p-value Lunch
p-value Last eating event
p-value
workdays (n = 988) free days (n = 1297) preferred (n = 1295) workdays (n = 980) free days (n = 1292) preferred (n = 1296) workdays (n = 989) free days (n = 1264) preferred (n = 1293)
Overall sample 8:25 ± 1:39 9:45 ± 1:41 9:05 ± 1:31 <0.001 13:24 ± 0:53 13:21 ± 0:48 13:10 ± 0:47 <0.001 21:01 ± 1:21 21:10 ± 1:34 21:22 ± 1:30 <0.001
MT 7:53 ± 1:46 8:41 ± 1:35 8:18 ± 1:25 <0.001 13:20 ± 0:50 13:11 ± 0:41 13:02 ± 0:44 <0.001 20:34 ± 0:57 20:34 ± 1:12 20:42 ± 1:05 <0.001
NT 8:26 ± 01:31 9:48 ± 1:28 9:06 ± 1:24 <0.001 13:24 ± 0:52 13:22 ± 0:45 13:08 ± 0:39 <0.001 21:00 ± 1:17 21:10 ± 1:27 21:20 ± 1:25 <0.001
ET 9:09 ± 1:53 11:07 ± 1:48 10:12 ± 1:36 <0.001 13:32 ± 1:00 13:35 ± 1:04 13:32 ± 1:13 <0.001 21:45 ± 1:50 22:10 ± 2:02 22:31 ± 1:52 <0.001
(df) p-value (2) <0.001 (2) <0.001 (2) <0.001 (2) 0.230 (2) <0.001 (2) <0.001 (2) <0.001 (2) <0.001 (2) <0.001

MT: morning type; NT: neither (intermediate) type; ET: evening type.

Kruskal-Wallis test was used for comparisons among chronotypes, and Friedman test for comparisons of meal timings across the 3 different conditions (during workdays, during free days and preferred schedules).