Table 2.

Comparison of perceived exertion and foot biomechanical parameters change within and between groups.

Items	Subitems	Group	Paired t test				Student's t-test
			Before	After	Mean difference	P value	T	P value
RPE (point)	Foot	GS	0.96 ± 0.75	9.40 ± 0.71	8.43 ± 0.88	<0.05	2.60	<0.05
		MS	0.40 ± 0.49	8.20 ± 0.83	7.80 ± 0.87	<0.05
	Shank	GS	0.90 ± 0.75	9.30 ± 0.74	8.40 ± 0.84	<0.05	2.95	<0.05
		MS	0.40 ± 0.49	8.13 ± 0.81	7.77 ± 0.76	<0.05
	Knee	GS	0.97 ± 0.84	9.40 ± 0.71	8.43 ± 0.88	<0.05	2.95	<0.05
		MS	0.40 ± 0.49	8.10 ± 0.79	7.70 ± 0.69	<0.05
	Thigh	GS	0.87 ± 0.85	9.30 ± 0.69	8.43 ± 0.84	<0.05	2.95	<0.05
		MS	0.33 ± 0.47	7.97 ± 0.71	7.63 ± 0.66	<0.05
	Waist	GS	0.73 ± 0.73	9.33 ± 0.70	8.60 ± 0.10	<0.05	3.54	<0.01
		MS	0.33 ± 0.47	8.13 ± 0.72	7.80 ± 0.70	<0.05
COP amplitude (mm)	X-axis	GS	1.51 ± 0.52	1.83 ± 0.48	0.32 ± 0.52	0.08	2.45	<0.05
		MS	1.77 ± 0.31	1.87 ± 0.32	0.10 ± 0.34	0.07
	Y-axis	GS	11.58 ± 3.24	15.13 ± 4.56	3.55 ± 4.36	0.10	2.14	<0.05
		MS	12.90 ± 3.16	14.49 ± 3.67	1.59 ± 3.67	<0.05
Peak plantar pressure (kPa)	BH	GS	5.95 ± 12.55	7.49 ± 13.71	1.55 ± 8.71	<0.05	0.56	0.581
		MS	9.20 ± 15.00	9.68 ± 13.64	0.48 ± 10.09	0.21
	OT	GS	5.89 ± 11.65	10.49 ± 11.48	4.60 ± 9.95	<0.05	0.16	0.874
		MS	6.21 ± 9.73	11.29 ± 13.79	5.09 ± 9.55	<0.05
	MF	GS	42.50 ± 18.80	53.16 ± 19.90	10.66 ± 22.26	<0.05	2.35	<0.05
		MS	35.50 ± 10.34	35.24 ± 11.97	−0.26 ± 9.05	0.46
	LF	GS	70.11 ± 19.29	57.22 ± 18.53	−12.89 ± 15.24	<0.05	2.63	<0.05
		MS	47.78 ± 14.82	43.02 ± 10.36	−4.76 ± 11.68	0.14
	M	GS	17.25 ± 12.81	29.90 ± 11.63	12.65 ± 13.70	0.25	2.60	<0.05
		MS	26.55 ± 9.27	29.76 ± 7.02	3.20 ± 6.14	0.30
	H	GS	136.22 ± 22.46	147.77 ± 22.12	11.55 ± 16.32	0.44	2.95	<0.05
		MS	109.73 ± 29.20	111.48 ± 26.91	1.75 ± 7.78	0.55
AI	AI	GS	0.15 ± 0.07	0.16 ± 0.06	0.06 ± 0.05	0.67	2.68	<0.05
		MS	0.15 ± 0.05	0.17 ± 0.04	0.02 ± 0.03	0.85

GS: hard ground surface; MS: standing mat surface; BH: hallux; OT: other toes; MF: median foot; LF: lateral foot; M: midfoot; H heal; AI: arch index.