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. 2022 Jul 30;2022:3112388. doi: 10.1155/2022/3112388

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Copyright © 2022 Xin Liu et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Mechanisms of ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is characterized by iron accumulation, excessive production of ROS, and lipid peroxidation. This illustration shows the process of ferroptosis, summarizing the key molecules and targets regulating iron and lipid peroxidation. TFR1: transferrin receptor 1; PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acid; LOX: lipoxygenase; STEAP3: six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate 3 metalloreductase; SLC7A11: solute carrier family 7 member 11; DMT1: divalent metal transporter 1; SLC3A2: solute carrier family 3 member 2; BAP1: BRCA1-associated protein 1; ROS: reactive oxygen species; FSP1: ferroptosis suppressor protein 1; FPN1: ferroportin 1; GPX4: glutathione peroxidase 4; GSH; glutathione; GSSG: oxidized glutathione; GSS: glutathione synthetase; PHKG2: phosphorylase kinase G2; HSPB1: heat shock protein beta-1; NCOA4: nuclear receptor coactivator 4; RSL3: Ras-selective lethal 3.