Table 6.
ERIC-PCR, antibiotic resistance and virulence of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from dairy cattle farms (n = 137)
| Farm | Source | Type of sample | Isolates no. or ID | ERIC-PCR Type | *Antibiotics pattern | Virulence genes | Antibiotics resistance genes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Farm I | Animals | Milk | 14 | F | 4 | prfA | CTX-M |
| 21 | F | 8 | prfA | CTX-M, dfrD | |||
| 25 | K | 9 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB, msrA | |||
| 15 | L | 4 | hlyA | DHA, qnrS, dfrD | |||
| 24 | M | 9 | hlyA,prfA | CTX-M, qnrA, qnrS, parC, ermB, msrA, dfrD | |||
| 1 | Q | 1 | prfA | DHA, qnrS, dfrD | |||
| 19 | Q | 5 | hlyA | CTX-M, dfrD | |||
| 22 | T | 14 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB, msrA | |||
| Feces | 11 | E | 3 | hlyA | DHA, qnrS, dfrD | ||
| 17 | I | 4 | hlyA | DHA, qnrS | |||
| 5,6 | F | 2 | hlyA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrS | |||
| 9 | F | 3 | hlyA, | DHA, qnrS | |||
| 2 | G | 1 | hlyA, prfA | DHA, qnrS, dfrD | |||
| 18 | G | 5 | prfA | CTX-M, dfrD | |||
| 23 | G | 14 | hlyA | CTX-M, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB, dfrD | |||
| 13 | L | 4 | hlyA | DHA, qnrS, dfrD | |||
| Environment | Silage | 20 | G | 8 | hlyA | CTX-M, qnrS, ermB, dfrD | |
| 12 | F | 3 | hlyA | CTX-M | |||
| 29 | J | 9 | prfA | CTX-M, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB | |||
| Manure | 8 | J | 2 | prfA | CTX-M, qnrS, dfrD | ||
| 26 | M | 9 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, qnrA, qnrS, parC, ermB, dfrD | |||
| Soil | 7 | N | 2 | hlyA | CTX-M, qnrS, dfrD | ||
| Milking equipment | BTM | 16 | A | 4 | hlyA | CTX-M, qnrS | |
| 10 | E | 3 | hlyA | CTX-M, qnrS, dfrD | |||
| 4 | F | 1 | prfA | qnrS | |||
| 27 | M | 9 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, qnrA, qnrS,parC, ermB, dfrD | |||
| Teat cups swab | 28 | S | 9 | hlyA | CTX-M, qnrA, qnrB,qnrS, ermB, msrA, parC | ||
| Milk filter | 3 | Q | 1 | prfA | DHA, qnrS, dfrD | ||
| Farm II | Animals | Milk | 70 | A | 11 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, qnrA, qnrB,qnrS, parC, ermB, msrA, dfrD |
| 76 | A | 12 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB, msrA, dfrD | |||
| 40,56 | G | 24 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB, msrA, dfrD, tetM, int-Tn | |||
| 88 | K | 7 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB, msrA, dfrD | |||
| 80 | L | 12 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrA, qnrS, parC, ermB, msrA | |||
| 35 | M | 20 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrS, ermB, msrA, dfrD, tetM, int-Tn | |||
| 59 | M | 24 | prfA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB, msrA, dfrD, tetM, int-Tn | |||
| 51 | N | 25 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB, msrA, dfrD, tetM | |||
| 39 | Q | 20 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrA, qnrS, parC, ermB, dfrD, tetM, int-Tn | |||
| 41 | Q | 18 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrA, qnrS, parC, ermB, dfrD, tetM | |||
| 45 | Q | 25 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrA, qnrS, parC, ermB, dfrD, tetM, int-Tn | |||
| 65 | Q | 19 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB, dfrD, tetM | |||
| 66 | S | 19 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB, tetM | |||
| 34 | T | 20 | prfA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrA, qnrS, parC, ermB, dfrD, tetM | |||
| 47 | T | 25 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrA, qnrS, parC, ermB, dfrD, tetM | |||
| 38 | U | 20 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, DHA, dfrD, tetM | |||
| 44 | U | 25 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB, msrA, dfrD, tetM | |||
| Feces | 91, 93 | A | 15 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrS, ermB | ||
| 94, 95 | A | 24 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB, msrA, dfrD, tetM, int-Tn | |||
| 32 | A | 24 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB, dfrD, tetM, int-Tn | |||
| 89 | C | 7 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB, dfrD | |||
| 92 | C | 15 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrS, ermB, dfrD | |||
| 64 | C | 24 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB, msrA, dfrD, tetM, int-Tn | |||
| 30 | F | 9 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, qnrS, ermB | |||
| 31,67,68 | F | 24 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB, msrA, dfrD, tetM, int-Tn | |||
| 52 | F | 23 | hlyA | CTX-M, tetM, int-Tn | |||
| 79 | I | 16 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrS, ermB, msrA, dfrD, tetM, int-Tn | |||
| 81 | I | 12 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, qnrS | |||
| 90 | I | 15 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrS, ermB, dfrD | |||
| 33 | J | 24 | hlyA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB, msrA, dfrD, tetM, int-Tn | |||
| 43,49,50 | J | 25 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB, msrA, dfrD, tetM, int-Tn | |||
| 58 | G | 24 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB, msrA, dfrD, tetM, int-Tn | |||
| 57 | Q | 24 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB, dfrD, tetM | |||
| Environment | Water | 84 | I | 12 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, qnrS | |
| 53 | J | 23 | hlyA, prfA | qnrS, ermB, dfrD, tetM, int-Tn | |||
| Silage | 54 | A | 23 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB, tetM, int-Tn | ||
| 61 | C | 24 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB, dfrD, tetM, int-Tn | |||
| 82 | E | 17 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB, dfrD, tetM | |||
| 71 | F | 11 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB | |||
| Manure | 75 | M | 11 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB | ||
| 86 | M | 7 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB, dfrD | |||
| 55 | Q | 23 | prfA | CTX-M, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB, dfrD, tetS | |||
| Soil | 62 | M | 24 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC | ||
| Milking equipment | BTM | 77,78 | L | 16 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, DHA, dfrD, tetM, int-Tn | |
| 36 | M | 20 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrS, ermB, msrA, dfrD, tetM, int-Tn | |||
| 60 | M | 21 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB, tetM | |||
| 73,74 | M | 11 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB | |||
| 42 | Q | 25 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrA, qnrS, parC, ermB, msrA, dfrD, tetM, int-Tn | |||
| 63 | I | 24 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB, msrA, dfrD, tetM, int-Tn | |||
| 37 | J | 20 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, dfrD, tetM | |||
| Teat cups swab | 48 | E | 25 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, dfrD, tetM | ||
| 46 | J | 25 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB, msrA, dfrD, tetM, int-Tn | |||
| 83 | K | 17 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrS, ermB, msrA, dfrD, tetM, int-Tn | |||
| Milk filter | 72 | S | 11 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB | ||
| 69 | T | 24 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB, msrA, dfrD, tetM, int-Tn | |||
| Floor swabs | 85 | H | 12 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, qnrS, ermB, dfrD | ||
| 87 | K | 7 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB, dfrD | |||
| Farm III | Animals | Milk | 115,116 | C | 21 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB, tetS |
| 96,97,98 | L | 24 | hlyA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB | |||
| 135,136 | O | 13 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrS, ermB, msrA, tetM, int-Tn | |||
| 101 | P | 24 | hlyA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB, dfrD, tetM | |||
| 102,103 | R | 22 | hlyA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrS, ermB, msrA, dfrD, tetM, int-Tn | |||
| 137 | T | 6 | hlyA.prfA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB, dfrD | |||
| 128 | V | 10 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrS, ermB, dfrD, tetM | |||
| 127 | E | 6 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB | |||
| Feces | 131 | B | 6 | PrfA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB | ||
| 124,125 | C | 10 | hlyA, PrfA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrS, ermB, dfrD | |||
| 106, 107, 109 | D | 22 | hlyA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrS, ermB, dfrD, tetS | |||
| 111, 112, 113, 114 | E | 21 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB, tetM | |||
| 120, 122, 123 | E | 6 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB, dfrD | |||
| 129 | V | 10 | prfA | CTX-M, DHA, dfrD | |||
| Environment | Water | 104 | D | 22 | hlyA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrS, ermB, dfrD, tetS | |
| Silage | 134 | B | 13 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, qnrS, ermC, tetS | ||
| 118 | C | 21 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermC, tetS | |||
| 119 | E | 21 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB, tetM | |||
| Manure | 130 | V | 6 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB | ||
| 126 | V | 10 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrS, ermB, dfrD, tetM | |||
| Soil | 133 | S | 6 | prfA | CTX-M, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB, dfrD | ||
| Milking equipment | BTM | 99 | L | 24 | hlyA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB | |
| 108 | P | 22 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrS, ermB, dfrD, tetS | |||
| 105 | R | 22 | hlyA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrS, ermB, msrA, dfrD, tetM, int-Tn | |||
| 117 | T | 21 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB, dfrD, tetS | |||
| Teat cup swab | 100 | I | 24 | hlyA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB, dfrD | ||
| 110 | P | 22 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrS, ermB, dfrD, tetS | |||
| Milk filter | 121 | E | 6 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB, dfrD | ||
| Floor swab | 132 | V | 6 | hlyA, prfA | CTX-M, DHA, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, ermB |
*Antibiotic patterns: 1;P, N, FOX, NA; 2;P, N, FOX, NA, CTX; 3;P, N, FOX, NA, AML; 4;P, N, FOX, NA, AML, OB, CN; 5;P, N, FOX, NA, AML, OB, CTX, CN; 6;P, N, FOX, NA, OB, AK, SXT, CIP; 7;P, N, FOX, NA, OB, CTX, AK, CIP; 8;P, N, FOX, NA, AML, OB, CTX, AK, CN; 9; P, N, FOX, NA, AML, OB, CTX, AK, S; 10; P, N, FOX, NA, AML, OB, CTX, NOR, SXT; 11; P, N, FOX, NA, OB, CTX, AK, S, CIP; 12;P, N, FOX, NA, OB, CTX, NOR, AK, CN; 13; P, N, FOX, NA, OB, CTX, NOR, AK, TE; 14; P, N, FOX, NA, AML, OB, CTX, AK, CN, S; 15; P, N, FOX, NA, AML, OB, CTX, NOR, AK, S; 16; P, N, FOX, NA, OB, CTX, NOR, AK, TE, CN; 17; P, N, FOX, NA, OB, CTX, NOR, AK, TE, S; 18;P, N, FOX, NA, AML, OB, CTX, NOR, AK, TE, S; 19;P, N, FOX, NA, OB, CTX, NOR, AK, TE, CN, S; 20; P, N, FOX, NA, OB, CTX, NOR, AK, TE, CN, SXT; 21; P, N, FOX, NA, AML, OB, CTX, NOR, AK, TE, S, CIP; 22;P, N, FOX, NA, OB, CTX, NOR, AK, TE, CN, SXT, C; 23;P, N, FOX, NA, OB, CTX, NOR, AK, TE, CN, S, CIP; 24; P, N, FOX, NA, OB, CTX, NOR, AK, TE, CN, SXT, S, CIP; 25;P, N, FOX, NA, OB, CTX, NOR, AK, TE, CN, SXT, S