Table 2.
Values of the measured concentrations of PM2.5 chemical components, as mean and standard deviation values of the whole study and of the spring and winter campaigns, separately. Bold values indicate statistically significant differences between seasons: *p < 0.005; **p ≤ 0.001
Total | Spring | Winter | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
ƩPAHs (ng m−3) | 5.03 | 2.30 | 3.16** | 0.53 | 6.58** | 1.03 |
Ʃoxy-PAHs (ng m−3) | 1.44 | 0.24 | 1.44 | 0.14 | 1.45 | 0.31 |
PM2.5 (μg m−3) | 18.2 | 14.7 | 8.29** | 3.28 | 26.7** | 15.5 |
SO42− (μg m−3) | 1.36 | 0.98 | 1.48 | 1.00 | 1.26 | 0.98 |
NO3− (μg m−3) | 4.85 | 6.43 | 0.48** | 0.21 | 8.67** | 6.82 |
NH4+ (μg m−3) | 2.35 | 2.43 | 0.85** | 0.41 | 3.70** | 2.72 |
EC (μg m−3) | 0.91 | 0.58 | 0.43** | 0.06 | 1.31** | 0.51 |
OC (μg m−3) | 4.02 | 2.45 | 2.21** | 0.63 | 5.51** | 2.39 |
Levoglucosan (ng m−3) | 251.2 | 317.7 | 10.6** | 7.8 | 510.4** | 279.9 |
Cl− (μg m−3) | - | - | - | - | 0.23 | 0.09 |
K+ (μg m−3) | - | - | - | - | 0.31 | 0.21 |
Ca2+ (μg m−3) | - | - | - | - | 0.9 | 0.4 |
As (ng m−3) | 0.26 | 0.17 | 0.17* | 0.07 | 0.35* | 0.19 |
Fe (ng m−3) | 57.1 | 29.9 | 49.0 | 19.1 | 65.2 | 40.7 |
V (ng m−3) | 0.72 | 0.94 | 0.27* | 0.14 | 1.17* | 0.87 |
Zn (ng m−3) | 15.4 | 12.3 | 6.9** | 2.6 | 22.9** | 12.6 |
Cd (ng m−3) | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.03** | 0.01 | 0.11** | 0.06 |
Pb (ng m−3) | 2.67 | 2.08 | 1.29** | 0.47 | 3.88** | 2.20 |
Sn (ng m−3) | 1.56 | 1.47 | 0.66** | 0.22 | 2.34** | 1.66 |
Sb (ng m−3) | 0.52 | 0.20 | 0.41 | 0.09 | 0.58 | 0.22 |
La (ng m−3) | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.04* | 0.02 | 0.11* | 0.07 |
Mn (ng m−3) | - | - | 1.45 | 0.33 | - | - |
OPVDTT (nmol min−1 m−3) | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.08** | 0.03 | 0.32** | 0.15 |
OPVAA (nmol min−1 m−3) | 0.52 | 0.41 | 0.28** | 0.21 | 0.72** | 0.36 |
OPmDTT (nmol min−1 μg−1) | 0.017 | 0.031 | 0.004* | 0.004 | 0.022* | 0.022 |
OPmAA (nmol min−1 μg−1) | 0.034 | 0.031 | 0.033 | 0.023 | 0.035 | 0.037 |