Table 2.

Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of Mediterranean diet adherence with psychological ill-being and psychological well-being

Mental health indicators	n	Cross-sectional (16th g.w.)				n	Longitudinal (16th vs 34th g.w.)				n
		Model I		Model II			Model I		Model IIa			Model III
		β	p	β	p		β	β	β	p		β	p
Psychological ill-being
Negative affect	141	− 0.149	0.077	− 0.130	0.150	115	− 0.224	0.016	− 0.241	0.014	111	− 0.183	0.026
Anxiety	140	− 0.205	0.015	− 0.200	0.022	109	− 0.295	0.002	− 0.325	0.001	105	− 0.172	0.040
Depression	117	− 0.229	0.013	− 0.181	0.066	117	− 0.184	0.048	− 0.171	0.066	91	0.078	0.403
Psychological well-being
Emotional attention	142	− 0.023	0.790	− 0.016	0.860	119	− 0.162	0.078	− 0.106	0.263	114	− 0.055	0.450
Emotional clarity	142	0.129	0.125	0.114	0.203	119	0.167	0.073	0.121	0.212	114	0.087	0.319
Emotional Regulation	142	0.202	0.016	0.179	0.043	119	0.306	0.001	0.295	0.001	114	0.171	0.041
Resilience	138	0.191	0.025	0.206	0.022	112	0.275	0.003	0.259	0.012	107	0.120	0.145
Positive affect	141	0.144	0.089	0.182	0.029	115	0.202	0.030	0.185	0.048	111	0.070	0.369

Model I was unadjusted. Model II was adjusted for age, educational status, number of miscarriages, low back pain

^aModel II in the longitudinal analysis was additionally adjusted for exercise intervention

Model III in the longitudinal analysis was additionally adjusted for baseline values (i.e., mental health indicator at the 16th gestational week)

Boldface indicates those outcomes which surpassed the multiple comparison test