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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Aug 7.
Published in final edited form as: J Perinatol. 2022 Feb 17;42(8):1026–1031. doi: 10.1038/s41372-022-01335-3

Figure 1:

Figure 1:

Odds ratios depicting for A.) The 11.1 times increased odds of testing positive for another substance if a mother tests positive for nicotine. B.) 22.7 times increased odds of testing positive for an opioid if a mother tests positive for a benzodiazepine C.) 8.1 times increased odds of testing positive for nicotine if a mother tests positive for a long-acting opioid (LAO) compared to a short-acting opioid (SAO) and D.) 3.4 times increased odds of testing positive for a SAO if a mother tests positive for methadone compared to buprenorphine.