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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Natl Med Assoc. 2022 Apr 6;114(4):392–405. doi: 10.1016/j.jnma.2022.03.002

Table 2:

Social Determinants of Health of Lebanese adults with T2DM recruited from PHCs in Beirut, Lebanon.

Socioeconomic Status Variables
M (SD)
Family size 4.48 ± 1.88
Financial independence 1.63 ± 1.92
Number of persons per bedroom 1.99 ± 0.91
Number of rooms 3.49 ± 1.51
N (%)
Financial status
 Comfortable; have more than enough to make ends meet (31, 10.4)
 Have enough to make ends meet (83, 27.85)
 Do not have enough to make ends meet (184, 61.74)
Accommodation
 Owned (108, 36)
 Rented (192, 64)
Psychosocial Variables
M (SD)
Diabetes Fatalism (Dfs12) 35.73 ± 7.9
Adverse childhood experience (ACE) Total Score 0.6 ± 1.07
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ9) Total Score 7.19 ± 5.12
Neighborhood/Built Environment Variables
M (SD)
Food Insecurity Total Score 1.04 ± 1.85
N (%)
Electricity
 Yes (300, 100)
Drinking water
 Yes (252, 84)
 No (48, 16)
Television
 Yes (298, 99.33)
 No (2, 0.67)
Cable subscription
 Yes (216, 72)
 No (84, 28)
Telephone
 Yes (292, 97.33)
 No (8, 2.67)
Air Conditioner
 Yes (185, 61.67)
 No (115, 38.33)
Heater
 Yes (246, 82)
 No (54, 18)
Wireless-internet subscription
 Yes (180, 60)
 No (120, 40)
Computer
 Yes (113, 37.67)
 No (187, 62.33)
Refrigerator
 Yes (280, 93.33)
 No (20, 6.67)
Means of transportation
 Public transportation (102, 34)
 Car (153, 51)
 Walking (38, 12.67)
**

Table 2 presents detailed social determinants of health characteristics of the study population across socioeconomic status, psychosocial, and neighborhood/built environment