Table 3.
Results of the online questionnaire survey for 409 participants.
| Triggered emotion | Scenario | Content description | Frequency | Percentage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anger | Anger-1 | Others Keep the high beam on while meeting the car, which affects the vision. | 344 | 84.11% |
| Anger-2 | The next car decides to cut in line with the turn signal off while the distance between the driver’s car and the car in front is small. | 340 | 83.13% | |
| Anger-3 | The vehicles next always change their way maliciously, or they occupy the road while driving very slow. | 335 | 81.91% | |
| Anger-4 | Being in a traffiic jam for a long time. | 173 | 42.30% | |
| Anger-5 | Being forcibly overtaken. | 162 | 39.61% | |
| Fear | Fear-1 | Driving on a mountain road with high cliff beside. | 310 | 75.79% |
| Fear-2 | Driving next to a large truck. | 303 | 74.08% | |
| Fear-3 | Feeling very tired after driving for a long time, and even almost causes an accident due to fatigue. | 258 | 63.08% | |
| Fear-4 | Driving on a road with no light or pedestrian in the nighttime. | 212 | 51.83% | |
| Fear-5 | Witnessing some serious traffic accidents while driving. | 200 | 48.90% | |
| Disgust | Disgust-1 | The driver in front keeps throwing garbage, water bottles, and spitting out. | 351 | 85.82% |
| Disgust-2 | Being forcibly cut in line by a nearby vehicle during a traffic jam. | 254 | 62.10% | |
| Disgust-3 | Seeing a lot of garbage on the road. | 230 | 56.23% | |
| Disgust-4 | The passengers in the car is making some uncivilized behaviors. | 202 | 49.39% | |
| Disgust-5 | Some drivers do not follow the traffic rules. | 133 | 32.52% | |
| Sadness | Sadness-1 | Witnessing an accident while driving. | 271 | 66.26% |
| Sadness-2 | Hearing sad things while driving, such as an earthquake. | 218 | 53.30% | |
| Sadness-3 | Thinking of his/her break-up while driving. | 90 | 22.00% | |
| Sadness-4 | Thinking of his/her family conflicts while driving. | 85 | 20.78% | |
| Sadness-5 | The driver feels sad about his/her poor driving skills when he/she compares himself/herself to other drivers who have good skills. | 61 | 14.91% | |
| Surprise | Surprise-1 | Seeing some pedestrians walking on the highway. | 307 | 75.06% |
| Surprise-2 | Some unknown problems happened with his/her vehicle, such as some kind of noise. | 265 | 64.79% | |
| Surprise-3 | Seeing some novel things while driving, such as small animals suddenly running out. | 220 | 53.79% | |
| Surprise-4 | Seeing one of his/her acquaintance/friend while driving. | 111 | 27.14% | |
| Surprise-5 | Suddenly see 100 yuan in the car while driving. | 59 | 14.43% | |
| Happiness | Happiness-1 | Noticing interesting things happened on the road and the scenery outside is very beautiful. | 299 | 73.11% |
| Happiness-2 | Driving while listening to his/her favourite music. | 291 | 71.15% | |
| Happiness-3 | Driving on a road with few vehicles, especially on highways, and feeling that the whole road belongs to himself/herself. | 264 | 64.55% | |
| Happiness-4 | About to go home or arrive at his/her destination after being busy all day. | 226 | 55.26% | |
| Happiness-5 | Chatting and joking with his/her family and friends while driving and feeling very relaxed. | 207 | 50.61% | |
| Neutral | Neutral-1 | Driving while listening to soft music. | 273 | 66.75% |
| Neutral-2 | Driving on a country road. | 200 | 48.90% | |
| Neutral-3 | Driving on a highway. | 168 | 41.08% | |
| Neutral-4 | Driving on all normal town roads. | 131 | 32.03% | |
| Neutral-5 | Encountering slight road congestion. | 87 | 21.27% |