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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Aug 5.
Published in final edited form as: Circ Res. 2022 Jul 19;131(4):e84–e99. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.122.320952

Fig. 1. Diagram of the two-stage analysis.

Fig. 1

The left-side box shows the first-stage analysis performed to examine associations between PA and BAL in the discovery cohort, VITAL-CTSC, and validated in JUPITER-NC. BALs significantly associated with PA were carried over to the second-stage analysis (right-side box), in which their association with incident CVD was investigated in VITAL-CVD and validated in JUPITER-CVD.