FIGURE 2.

Overview of metabolic hallmarks in hPSCs and hPSC‐CMs. (A) hPSCs depend on glucose and glutamine metabolism for ATP and biomass production. They also show activated fatty acids synthesis for survival and maintenance of pluripotency. (B) hPSC‐CMs utilize glucose, glutamine, and lactate for ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation. (C) hPSCs cannot survive under glucose‐ and glutamine‐depleted with lactate‐supplemented conditions because they cannot utilize lactate efficiently. (D) hPSC‐CMs can survive under glucose‐ and glutamine‐depleted with lactate‐supplemented conditions because they can utilize lactate efficiently via oxidative phosphorylation. (E) Glutamine‐derived GSH, methionine‐derived SAM, and tryptophan‐derived KYN play key roles in the maintenance of pluripotency.