Table 4.
Economic difficulty during the COVID-19 pandemic by Hurricane Harvey exposure.
| Exposure model | OR (95% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|
| Flooding due to Harvey (N = 1620) | ||
| COVID-19 economic difficulty x Flooding due to Harvey | ||
| Difficulty paying rent by flooding due to Harvey | ||
| Home flooded | 2.04 (1.52, 2.73) | <.0001 |
| Home not flooded | Ref | |
| COVID-19 economic difficultyamong respondents who did not experience home flooding | ||
| Difficulty filling prescriptions, Home not flooded | 1.54 (1.16, 2.04) | <.0001 |
| Difficulty finding food, Home not flooded | 6.02 (4.68, 7.75) | |
| Difficulty paying bills, Home not flooded | 2.52 (2.07, 3.07) | |
| Increased household expenses, Home not flooded | 9.46 (7.34, 12.20) | |
| Increased medical expenses, Home not flooded | 1.02 (0.75, 1.38) | |
| No transportation, Home not flooded | 0.30 (0.20, 0.46) | |
| Other, Home not flooded | 1.02 (0.74, 1.41) | |
| Difficulty paying rent, Home not flooded | Ref | |
| COVID-19 economic difficultyamong respondents who experienced home flooding | ||
| Difficulty filling prescriptions, Home flooded | 0.67 (0.34, 1.34) | <.0001 |
| Difficulty finding food, Home flooded | 2.63 (1.44, 4.80) | |
| Difficulty paying bills, Home flooded | 2.33 (1.47, 3.67) | |
| Increased household expenses, Home flooded | 4.84 (2.64, 8.87) | |
| Increased medical expenses, Home flooded | 0.54 (0.26, 1.10) | |
| No transportation, Home flooded | 0.20 (0.07, 0.55) | |
| Other, Home flooded | 0.48 (0.22, 1.05) | |
| Difficulty paying rent, Home flooded | Ref | |
| Gender | ||
| Male | 0.98 (0.86, 1.12) | 0.7821 |
| Female | Ref | |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| Non-Hispanic Other | 1.39 (1.05, 1.84) | 0.0073 |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 1.26 (0.85, 1.86) | |
| Hispanic | 1.21 (1.03, 1.43) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1.35 (1.09, 1.67) | |
| Non-Hispanic White | Ref | |
| Education group | ||
| High school graduate or less | 1.72 (1.41, 2.10) | <.0001 |
| Some college or associates | 1.43 (1.28, 1.61) | |
| Bachelors or higher | Ref | |
| Age group | ||
| 61+ | 0.68 (0.59, 0.79) | <.0001 |
| 41–60 | 0.94 (0.83, 1.08) | |
| 18–40 | Ref | |
| Damage due to Harvey (N = 1620) | ||
| COVID-19 economic difficulty x Damage due to Harvey | ||
| Difficulty paying rent by damage due to Harvey | ||
| Home damaged | 2.12 (1.53, 2.93) | <.0001 |
| Home not damaged | Ref | |
| COVID-19 economic difficultyamong respondents who did not experience home damage | ||
| Difficulty filling prescriptions, Home not damaged | 1.54 (1.08, 2.20) | <.0001 |
| Difficulty finding food, Home not damaged | 6.59 (4.80, 9.06) | |
| Difficulty paying bills, Home not damaged | 2.54 (1.99, 3.24) | |
| Increased household expenses, Home not damaged | 9.81 (7.12, 13.50) | |
| Increased medical expenses, Home not damaged | 0.92 (0.63, 1.36) | |
| No transportation, Home not damaged | 0.26 (0.15, 0.46) | |
| Other, Home not damaged | 1.00 (0.66, 1.52) | |
| Difficulty paying rent, Home not damaged | Ref | |
| COVID-19 economic difficulty among respondents who experienced home damage | ||
| Difficulty filling prescriptions, Home damaged | 0.81 (0.37, 1.77) | 0.0009 |
| Difficulty finding food, Home damaged | 3.03 (1.51, 6.10) | |
| Difficulty paying bills, Home damaged | 2.32 (1.36, 3.94) | |
| Increased household expenses, Home damaged | 5.53 (2.73, 11.18) | |
| Increased medical expenses, Home damaged | 0.63 (0.27, 1.48) | |
| No transportation, Home damaged | 0.23 (0.07, 0.78) | |
| Other, Home damaged | 0.56 (0.22, 1.39) | |
| Difficulty paying rent, Home damaged | Ref | |
| Gender | ||
| Male | 0.99 (0.87, 1.13) | 0.8671 |
| Female | Ref | |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| Non-Hispanic Other | 1.38 (1.05, 1.81) | 0.0101 |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 1.37 (0.92, 2.03) | |
| Hispanic | 1.18 (1.01, 1.39) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1.35 (1.08, 1.69) | |
| Non-Hispanic White | Ref | |
| Education group | ||
| High school graduate or less | 1.69 (1.38, 2.07) | <.0001 |
| Some college or associates | 1.42 (1.26, 1.60) | |
| Bachelors or higher | Ref | |
| Age group | ||
| 61+ | 0.68 (0.59, 0.79) | <.0001 |
| 41–60 | 0.94 (0.82, 1.08) | |
| 18–40 | Ref | |
| Income loss due to Harvey (N = 1620) | ||
| COVID-19 economic difficulty x Income loss due to Harvey | ||
| Difficulty paying rent by income loss due to Harvey | ||
| Income lost | 5.72 (3.99, 8.21) | <.0001 |
| No income lost | Ref | |
| COVID-19 economic difficulty among respondents who did not experience income loss | ||
| Difficulty filling prescriptions, No income lost | 2.93 (2.01, 4.26) | <.0001 |
| Difficulty finding food, No income lost | 11.31 (8.06,15.87) | |
| Difficulty paying bills, No income lost | 3.28 (2.45, 4.38) | |
| Increased household expenses, No income lost | 16.73 (11.95, 23.43) | |
| Increased medical expenses, No income lost | 1.40 (0.93, 2.11) | |
| No transportation, No income lost | 0.45 (0.26, 0.79) | |
| Other, No income lost | 2.41 (1.65, 3.52) | |
| Difficulty paying rent, No income lost | Ref | |
| COVID-19 economic difficulty among respondents who experienced income loss | ||
| Difficulty filling prescriptions, Income lost | 0.55 (0.24, 1.26) | <.0001 |
| Difficulty finding food, Income lost | 2.18 (1.04, 4.58) | |
| Difficulty paying bills, Income lost | 2.31 (1.25, 4.29) | |
| Increased household expenses, Income lost | 4.22 (2.01, 8.88) | |
| Increased medical expenses, Income lost | 0.54 (0.22, 1.33) | |
| No transportation, Income lost | 0.18 (0.05, 0.60) | |
| Other, Income lost | 0.30 (0.12, 0.72) | |
| Difficulty paying rent, Income lost | Ref | |
| Gender | ||
| Male | 0.99 (0.87, 1.13) | 0.8654 |
| Female | Ref | |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| Non-Hispanic Other | 1.29 (0.97, 1.71) | 0.0305 |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 1.26 (0.85, 1.86) | |
| Hispanic | 1.17 (1.00, 1.38) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1.32 (1.06, 1.63) | |
| Non-Hispanic White | Ref | |
| Education group | ||
| High school graduate or less | 1.64 (1.35, 2.00) | <.0001 |
| Some college or associates | 1.34 (1.19, 1.52) | |
| Bachelors or higher | Ref | |
| Age group | ||
| 61+ | 0.74 (0.63, 0.85) | <.0001 |
| 41–60 | 0.95 (0.83, 1.08) | |
| 18–40 | Ref |