Table 2:

Multivariable Cox regression model for first episode of acute care use for vaccine-preventable illnesses^* by demographic factors and baseline healthcare utilization among Medicaid beneficiaries with prevalent SLE

Variables	Full Model (N=45,654) Hazard ratio (95% CI)	Female-only Model (N=42,606) Hazard ratio (95% CI)
Age category (ref=51–65 years)
18–34 years	1.10 (0.93–1.31)	1.13 (0.95–1.34)
35–50 years	1.06 (0.91–1.25)	1.08 (0.92–1.27)
Male (ref=Female)	0.98 (0.77–1.26)	--
Race/ethnicity (ref=White)
Black	1.22 (1.06–1.39)	1.21 (1.06–1.39)
Asian	1.21 (0.83–1.77)	1.19 (0.81–1.74)
Hispanic	1.04 (0.87–1.25)	1.00 (0.83–1.20)
American Indian/Alaska Native	1.33 (0.81–2.20)	1.30 (0.79–2.16)
More than one race	1.40 (1.04–1.87)	1.23 (0.90–1.67)
Geographic region (ref=Northeast)
Midwest	1.28 (1.06–1.54)	1.27 (1.06–1.53)
South	1.31 (1.11–1.54)	1.22 (1.04–1.44)
West	1.22 (1.02–1.47)	1.19 (0.99–1.43)
Outpatient visits (ref=0)
1–5 visits	0.88 (0.73–1.05)	0.87 (0.73–1.04)
6–10 visits	0.74 (0.61–0.91)	0.74 (0.60–0.90)
>10 visits	0.67 (0.55–0.82)	0.66 (0.53–0.80)
Hospitalization (ref=0)	1.52 (1.34–1.72)	1.52 (1.34–1.72)
Emergency department visits (ref=0)
1–5 visits	1.71 (1.49–1.96)	1.73 (1.51–1.99)
>5 visits	3.05 (2.49–3.74)	3.02 (2.46–3.70)

Model also adjusted for calendar year, SLE risk adjustment index, number of medications at index date, medication use (glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, hydroxychloroquine), and vaccinations during the 12-month baseline period; bolded values are statistically significant (p<0.05). Composite outcome includes influenza, pneumococcal disease, meningococcal disease, herpes zoster and hepatitis B.

^*Female-only model additionally includes the outcome of high-grade cervical dysplasia/cervical cancer and adjusts for baseline Pap Test utilization