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. 2022 May-Jun;15(3):332–337. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2379

Table 3.

Comparison of operator-assessed pain (VAS) score between Arnica and Ibuprofen with period as a variable

Arnica			Ibuprofen		Tests of significance
	Mean ± SD	Adjusted mean ^#	Mean ± SD	Adjusted mean ^#	t-test		ANOVA
	Mean ± SD	Adjusted mean ^#	Mean ± SD	Adjusted mean ^#	T	p	F	p
B	0.286 ± 1.065	0.4000^#	0.262 ± 0.938	0.3000^#	0.109	0.9137	0.012^a 0.108^#	0.914^a 0.743^#
24 hrs	3.214 ± 2.64	3.4500^#	2.881 ± 2.587	3.3000^#	0.582	0.5624	0.338^a 0.092^#	0.562 ^a 0.762^#
48 hrs	2.642 ± 2.730	2.6000^#	1.190 ± 1.890	1.8000^#	2.834	0.0058*	8.034^a 1.485^#	0.006^a* 0.227^#
72 hrs	1.047 ± 1.752	0.8000^#	0.404 ± 1.269	0.7000^#	1.925	0.0577	3.706 ^a 2.415^#	0.058^a 0.124^#

N = 42;

^# Period as a variable assessed using two - way ANOVA;

^a Repeat measures ANOVA;

(*p < 0.05- significant);

SD, standard deviation