Table 3.
Univariate analysis of predictors associated with favorable clinical outcome in 132 patients with VAP
| Unfavorable clinical outcome(n = 47) | Favorable clinical outcome(n = 85) | p value | OR | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean years ± SD | 68 ± 17 | 63 ± 17 | 0.092 | 0.98 | 0.96–1.00 |
| Sex, n (%) | 37(78.7) | 66(77.6) | 0.886 | 0.94 | 0.40–2.23 |
| Etiology, n (%) | |||||
| Acute respiratory failure | 19(40.4) | 35(41.2) | 0.933 | 1.02 | 0.66–1.57 |
| Multiple trauma | 11(23.4) | 16(18.8) | 0.532 | 0.80 | 0.41–1.59 |
| Postoperative | 9(19.1) | 21(24.7) | 0.466 | 1.29 | 0.64–2.58 |
| Acute pancreatitis | 5(10.6) | 7(8.2) | 0.646 | 0.77 | 0.26–2.30 |
| Others | 3(6.4) | 6(7.1) | 0.883 | 1.11 | 0.29–4.22 |
| Cause of ICU admission, n (%) | |||||
| Medical | 27(57.4) | 46(54.1) | 0.713 | 0.87 | 0.43–1.79 |
| Surgical | 20(42.6) | 39(45.9) | 0.811 | 1.09 | 0.53–2.24 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||||
| Cardiovascular disease | 23(48.9) | 27(31.8) | 0.053 | 0.49 | 0.23–1.01 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 13(27.7) | 21(24.7) | 0.710 | 0.86 | 0.38–1.92 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 7(14.9) | 8(9.4) | 0.346 | 0.59 | 0.20–1.76 |
| Chronic liver disease | 3(6.4) | 2(2.4) | 0.264 | 0.35 | 0.06–2.20 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 9(19.1) | 12(14.1) | 0.451 | 0.69 | 0.27–1.79 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 10(21.3) | 10(11.8) | 0.150 | 0.49 | 0.19–1.29 |
| Solid tumor | 6(12.8) | 5(5.9) | 0.180 | 0.43 | 0.12–1.48 |
| Hematological malignancies | 3(6.4) | 4(4.7) | 0.682 | 0.72 | 0.16–3.38 |
| Neutropenia | 2(4.3) | 2(2.4) | 0.547 | 0.54 | 0.07–3.98 |
| HIV | 1(2.1) | 0(0.0) | |||
| Charlson comorbidity index | 2 ± 2 | 2 ± 2 | 0.200 | 0.88 | 0.73–1.07 |
| Immunosuppressive status, n (%) | 10(21.3) | 10(11.8) | 0.150 | 0.49 | 0.19–1.29 |
| Responsible pathogens, n (%) | |||||
| XDR Escherichia coli | 2(4.3) | 2(2.4) | 0.936 | 0.54 | 0.07–3.98 |
| XDR Klebsiella pneumoniae | 24(51.1) | 39(45.9) | 0.568 | 1.03 | 0.50–2.13 |
| XDR Acinetobacter baumannii | 17(36.2) | 36(42.4) | 0.488 | 1.10 | 0.54–2.25 |
| XDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 4(8.5) | 8(9.4) | 1.000 | 1.65 | 0.64–4.26 |
| Combination of other antibiotics | 28(59.6) | 49(57.6) | 0.830 | 0.92 | 0.45–1.91 |
| Severity of disease | |||||
| SOFA score, median (IQR) | 9(6, 13) | 6(5, 10) | 0.006 | 0.88 | 0.81–0.97 |
| APACHE II score, median (IQR) | 20(16, 24) | 18(14, 23) | 0.348 | 0.97 | 0.92–1.03 |
| Bacteremia, n (%) | 9(19.1) | 17(20.0) | 0.906 | 1.06 | 0.43–2.60 |
| Septic shock, n (%) | 37(78.7) | 37(43.5) | 0.002 | 0.30 | 0.14–0.63 |
| Daily dose of Intravenous polymyxin B, mg/kg, median (IQR) | 1.0(1.0, 2.0) | 1.0(50, 1.5) | 0.015 | 0.98 | 0.96–1.00 |
| Frequency of polymyxin B, median (IQR) | 2(2,2) | 2(2,2) | 1 | – | – |
| Duration of polymyxin B therapy, mean days ± SD | 11 ± 9 | 11 ± 7 | 0.907 | 1.00 | 0.95–1.04 |
| History of antibiotics within 7 days, n (%) | 41(87.2) | 72(84.7) | 0.692 | 0.81 | 0.29–2.29 |
| Treatment with IH + IV polymyxin B, n (%) | 34(77.3) | 10(22.7) | 0.031 | 2.44 | 1.09–5.56 |
| History of glucocorticoid within 7 days, n (%) | 14(29.8) | 27(31.8) | 0.814 | 1.10 | 0.51–2.38 |
| Length of hospitalization, median (IQR) | 25(15, 40) | 37(23, 60) | 0.039 | – | – |
| Length of ICU stay, median (IQR) | 21(10, 33) | 30(17, 48) | 0.138 | – | – |
| Duration of mechanical ventilation, median (IQR) | 20(13, 30) | 16(9, 30) | 0.827 | – | – |
| In-hospital mortality | |||||
| All-cause | 28(59.6) | 24(28.2) | 0.01 | ||
| VAP-related | 27(57.4) | 15(17.6) | 0.001 | ||
| 28-day mortality | 20(42.6) | 9(10.6) | 0.001 | ||