Table 6.

Summary of results of different studies fixing the metacarpal and phalangeal fractures with K-wire (different methods) and their results

Authors	Technique	Patients	Results	Complications
Green and Anderson26	Closed reduction and extra-articular pinning; early mobilization	26 fractures in 21 patients; mixed fracture patterns	18 fractures regained full movement	No breakdown for fracture pattern described
Belsky et al.27	Trans-articular, intramedullary Pinning with rigid postoperative Casting	31 base fractures (in cohort of 100 proximal phalanx shaft)	61 excellent; 29 good; 10 poor	Pin-track infection and mal-union
Joshi28	Wire inserted into phalangeal base using awl; immobilized in moulded cast with PIP joint movements	15 proximal third fractures (in larger cohort of 61 fractures)	90% satisfactory	Complications: tendon rupture, loss of fixation, wire protrusion
Hornbach and Cohen29	Trans-articular pinning with 2 wires; thermoplastic splint immobilization	9 base fractures in cohort of 12 proximal phalanx fractures failing conservative management	Mean TAM 265°	3 patients had significant complications; 4 patients had rotational mal-union
Faruqui et al.30	Trans-articular wiring (25) Extra-articular pinning with 2 wires (25)	50 unstable displaced fractures of proximal third of phalanx	Trans-articular mean TAM 201° Extra-articular mean TAM 198°	Complications 54% trans-articular; 48% extra-articular cross pinning; 16% reoperation rate
Van Bussel et al.31	A pre-bended 0.8–1.5 mm K-wire was then intramedullary inserted in the metacarpal bone passing the fracture under fluoroscopy	34 fractures of 27 patients	Functional outcome was excellent with mean PRWHE and DASH Scores of 7 and 5 points, respectively.	In the form of persistent pain, dysaesthesia and decrease ROM.