Table 4.

Changes in Cochlear Gene/Protein Expression after Blast

Hair Cell Gene/Protein Expression Changes After Blast
Name of Gene/Protein	Function	Expression	Animal Model	Citation
Atohl	Hair cell development and regeneration; Inhibited by Notch signaling	Downregulated 1 and 28 days post-blast	Rat	Y. Wang et al., 2020
Hes5	Downstream target of Notch signaling; Repressor of Atohl	Upregulated until day 3 post-blast	Mouse	Mizutari et al., 2013
Pou4f3	Late differentiator of hair cells; Cell survival promoter	Upregulated 1 and 28 days post-blast	Rat	Y. Wang et al., 2020
P21cip1	Anti-apoptotic activity, localized to hair cells after noise exposure; May contribute to resistance to NIHL	Upregulated 6 hours post-noise exposure	Mouse	Gratton et al., 2011
MyoVIIA	Tenses the tip links of the hair cell mechanoelectrical transduction complex (Li et al., 2020)	Upregulated 1 and 28 days post-blast	Rat	Y. Wang et al., 2020
Lhfpl5	Tetraspan membrane protein that regulates transducer channel conductance in hair bundles	Dowregulated 1 day post-blast	Rat	Y. Wang et al., 2020
Cdh23	Cadherins forming fine filaments involved in mechanotransduction	Downregulated 1 and 28 days post-blast	Rat	Y. Wang et al., 2020
Auditory Nerve Gene/Protein Expression After Blast
Name of Gene/Protein	Function	Expression	Animal Model	Citation
Iba1	Protein expressed in activated microglia	Upregulated 1 and 7 days post-blast	Mouse; Humans; Rat	Cho et al., 2013; Liu et al., 2018; Rios et al., 2021
Gpnmb	Gene expressed in microglia	Upregulated 1 and 28 days post-blast	Rat	Y. Wang et al., 2020
MCP-1/CCL2	Gene involved in neuron-immune cell interactions; Involved in microglia activation	Upregulated 1 day post-blast, downregulated 10 days post-blast	Rat; Humans	Y. Wang et al., 2020; Z. Wang et al., 2020