Table 2.
Health-related characteristics of the LBP population by the presence of depressive symptoms (n = 5,779).
| Variable | Depressive symptoms | p -value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | |||
| Duration of nighttime sleep | Extremely short | 556 (38.2) | 899 (61.8) | <0.001 |
| Short | 1,387 (61.0) | 886 (39.0) | ||
| Normal | 1,193 (71.1) | 485 (28.9) | ||
| Excessive | 225 (60.3) | 148 (39.7) | ||
| Physical activity | Insufficient | 1,210 (55.4) | 974 (44.6) | 0.001 |
| Sufficient | 2,151 (59.8) | 1,444 (40.2) | ||
| Social activities | No | 1,407 (53.6) | 1,217 (46.4) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 1,954 (61.9) | 1,201 (38.1) | ||
| Smoking | Never | 2,020 (55.7) | 1,609 (44.3) | <0.001 |
| Former | 456 (63.2) | 266 (36.8) | ||
| Current | 885 (62.0) | 543 (38.0) | ||
| Alcohol consumption | Never | 2,159 (55.7) | 1,720 (44.3) | <0.001 |
| Former | 283 (53.5) | 246 (46.5) | ||
| Current | 919 (67.0) | 452 (33.0) | ||
| SRH | Good | 540 (78.7) | 146 (21.3) | <0.001 |
| Fair | 1,927 (66.6) | 967 (33.4) | ||
| Poor | 894 (40.7) | 1,305 (59.3) | ||
| Number of chronic conditions | 0 | 482 (71.5) | 192 (28.5) | <0.001 |
| 1 | 744 (64.7) | 406 (35.3) | ||
| ≥ 2 | 2,135 (54.0) | 1,820 (46.0) | ||
| Multisite pain | No | 353 (78.6) | 96 (21.4) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 3,008 (56.4) | 2,322 (43.6) | ||
| BADL disability | No | 2,807 (65.8) | 1,461 (34.2) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 554 (36.7) | 957 (63.3) | ||
| IADL disability | No | 2,626 (68.3) | 1,220 (31.7) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 735 (38.0) | 1,198 (62.0) | ||