Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of the included studies.
| Study | Country | Cohort design | HF type | Nutritional status by CONUT score | Sample size ( n ) | Female (%) | Mean age (years) | Follow-up (months) | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Narumi et al. (25) | Japan | Prospective | CHF | Malnourished (≥5) | 388 | 40.0% | 69.6 | 28.4 | MACE |
| Nochioka et al. (24) | Japan | Prospective | CHF | Continuous variable Malnourished (≥2) |
3,421 | 28.4% | 66.9 | 34.7 | All-cause mortality MACE |
| Nakagomi et al. (26) | Japan | Prospective | CHF | Malnourished (≥3) | 114 | 25.4% | 66.0 | 67.5 | MACE |
| Iwakami et al. (16) | Japan | Prospective | AHF | Continuous variable Malnourished (≥2) |
635 | 38.0% | 75.0 | 27.0 | All-cause mortality |
| La Rovere et al. (28) | Italy | Prospective | AHF | Continuous variable Malnourished (≥2) |
466 | 14.0% | 61.0 | 12.0 | All-cause mortality |
| Nishi et al. (27) | Japan | Retrospective | AHA | Continuous variable Malnourished (≥2) |
482 | 38.2% | 71.7 | 45.1 | All-cause mortality |
| Sze et al. (15) | UK | Prospective | AHF | Continuous variable | 265 | 38.0% | 82.0 | 19.9 | All-cause mortality |
| Shirakabe et al. (14) | Japan | Retrospective | AHF | Malnourished (≥2) | 458 | 34.0% | 76.0 | 12.0 | All-cause mortality |
| Yoshihisa et al. (29) | Japan | Retrospective | AHF | Continuous variable | 1,307 | 39.4% | 66.5 | 38.2 | All-cause mortality |
| Alvarez-Alvarez et al. (30) | Spain | Retrospective | CHF with CRT | Malnourished (≥2) | 302 | 22.5% | 70.0 | 50.4 | MACE |
| Hamada et al. (31) | Japan | Retrospective | CHF | Malnourished (≥5) | 67 | 41.8% | 85.0 | 12 | MACE |
| Chien et al. (13) | China | Retrospective | CHF/HFpEF | Continuous variable Malnourished (>3) |
1,120 | 60.6% | 77.2 | 41.8 | All-cause mortality MACE |
| Uemura et al. (32) | Japan | Retrospective | AHF | Continuous variable Malnourished (≥2) |
170 | 40.6% | 67.6 | 36.5 | MACE |
| Komorita et al. (33) | Japan | Prospective | CHF/HFpEF | Continuous variable | 506 | 45.3% | 71.6 | 50.0 | MACE |
| Sze et al. (10) | UK | Prospective | CHF | Continuous Malnourished (≥2) |
467 | 33.0% | 76.0 | 18.5 | All-cause mortality MACE |
| Ikeya et al. (34) | Japan | Retrospective | CHF with CRT | Continuous Malnourished (≥5) |
263 | 23.2% | 69.0 | 31.0 | All-cause mortality |
| Lu et al. (35) | China | Prospective | AHF | Malnourished (≥2) | 396 | 28.5% | 59.8 | 34.0 | All-cause mortality |
| Takada et al. (36) | Japan | Prospective | AHF | Malnourished (≥2) | 1,705 | 36.0% | 71.0 | 17.5 | MACE |
AHF, acute heart failure; CONUT, controlling nutritional status; CHF, chronic heart failure; CRT, cardiac resynchronization therapy; HF, heart failure; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; MACE, major adverse cardiac events.