Table 1.
Epidemiological data in the general population for the 28 diseases included in the decision tree (HPV, human papillomavirus; /, no data available; HHV, human herpesvirus).
| Europe | United States | |
|---|---|---|
| Condyloma acuminata, papilloma and focal epithelial hyperplasia | Oral HPV prevalence: 12.3–48.1% of immunocompetent children (11) | / |
| Mumps | 6 cases/100,000 inhabitants in 2017 (12) | 3,474/100,000 inhabitants in 2019 (13) |
| Cytomegalovirus infection | 0.65% of births (14) | >1/3 children infected before 5 years old (13) |
| Infectious mononucleosis | 50 cases/100,000 inhabitants per year (12) | / |
| Herpetic stomatitis and herpes labialis | HHV1 infection: endemic and global in the world (15) | |
| Chickenpox | 8,540 cases/100 000 inhabitants in 2017 (12) | 8,297 cases/100,000 inhabitants in 2019 (13) |
| Herpes zoster | / | 1/3 of adult population (13) |
| Hand-foot-and-mouth disease and herpangina | / (no mandatory notification: unknown prevalence/incidence in France and the United States) | |
| Molluscum contagiosum | Global endemic, 8.6% in children <16 years old in Spain (16) | / |
| Measles | 3.9 cases/100,000 inhabitants in 2019 (12) | 1,282 cases/100 000 inhabitants in 2019 (13) |
| Erythema infectiosum | Seroprevalence Parvovirus B19: 2–15% of children <5 and 15–60% in 5–19 years old (17) | / |
| HIV-1 infection | 0.9/100,000 births in 2018 (18) | 31,000 new cases in 2019 (>13 years old) (13) |
| Roseola | Seroprevalence HHV6: 100% of general population (19) | / |
| Actinomycosis | 5 cases/100,000 inhabitants (20) | / |
| Tuberculosis | 10 cases/100,000 inhabitants in 2020 (12) | 8,916 cases/100 000 inhabitants in 2019 (13) |
| Scarlet fever and bacterial tonsillitis | / (S. pyogenes accounts for > 40% of strep throat in children (21) | |
| Syphilis | 1,762 cases in 2018 (12) | 38,992 new primary and secondary cases 2019 (13) |
| Erythema multiforme | Prevalence <1% (22) | |
| Mucormycosis | 0.08 cases/100,000 inhabitants in 2010 (23) | 1.7 million cases a year (13) |
| Primary and invasive aspergillosis | 1.8 cases/100,000 inhabitants (24) | 15,000 hospitalizations in 2014 (13) |
| Erythematous and pseudomembranous candidiasis | 0.01–3.7% of children (2) | / |
| Toxoplasmosis | 200,000–300,000 cases per year (25) | Seroprevalence: 11% of population > 6 y. old (13) |