Table 2.
Success rate and complications
| Study ID | Interventions | Number of patients and eyes | Definition of success | Success rate % (success/total) |
Complications (total) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Comparator | Total (eyes) |
Control (eyes) (R/L) |
Comparator (eyes) (R/L) |
Control | Comparator | p value | Control | Comparator | ||
| AGV + PRP vs AGV + PRP + IVB | |||||||||||
| Mahdy et al., Egypt (2013) | AGV + PRP | AGV + PRP + IVB |
40 (40) |
20 (20) (NA) |
20 (20) (NA) |
IOP < 21 and > 10 mmHg with no IOP lowering medication or further surgery (complete success) Above with IOP lowering medications (Qualified) |
Complete 20 (5/25) Qualified 20 (5/25) |
Complete 75 (15/20) Qualified 20 (4/20) |
Complete p < 0.05 |
41 | 14 |
| Arcieri et al., Brazil (2015) | AGV + PRP | AGV + PRP + IVB |
40 (40) |
20 (20) (14/6) |
20 (20) (9/11) |
Success criteria 1: IOP < 21 mmHg and with or without IOP lowering medications Success criteria 2: IOP reduction of > 30% compared to pre-operative values |
Success criteria 1 60 12/20 Success criteria 2 75 (15/20) |
Success criteria 1 65 13/20 Success criteria 2 80 (16/20) |
Criteria 1 p = 0.2838 Criteria 2 p = 0.3012 |
15 | 9 |
| Utilisation of anti-VEGF | |||||||||||
| Yazdani et al., Iran (2009) | Sham injection | IVB |
26 (26) |
12 (12) |
14 (14) |
- | - | - | - | - | - |
| Wittstrom et al., Sweden (2012) | PRP | PRP + IVB |
19 (19) |
9 (9) (NA) |
10 (10) (NA) |
- | - | - | - | - | - |
| Guo et al., China (2021) | Trab + PRP + IVC | Trab + PRP + IVR |
160 (160) |
80 (80) (NA) |
80 (80) (NA) |
IOP between 8 and 18 mmHg at 1-year follow-up | - | - | p = 0.536 | 15 | 20 |
| Inatani et al., Japan (2021) | Sham | IVA |
52 (52) |
27 (27) (NA) |
27 (27) (NA) |
- | - | - | - | 20 | 13 |
| Transcleral diode laser (TDL) | |||||||||||
| Choy et al., China (2018) | TDL | AGV |
21 (22) |
8 (9) (3/6) |
13 (13) (4/9) |
IOP < 21 mmHg with or without IOP lowering medication and preserved or improved BCVA |
63 (5/8) |
42 (5/12) |
p = 0.65 | - | 11 |
| Wagdy et al., Egypt (2020) | Express | TDL |
28 (30) |
12 (12) (NA) |
16 (18) (NA) |
IOP < 22 mmHg and no further treatment (complete) Above but with medical treatment (qualified) |
Complete 50 (6/12) Qualified 41.7 (5/12) |
Complete 44.44 (8/18) Qualified 38.9 (7/16) |
- | 6 | 5 |
| Trabeculectomy (Trab) | |||||||||||
| Sisto et al., Italy 2007 | Trab + MMC | Trab + 5-FU |
40 (40) |
22 (22) |
18 (18) |
IOP < 21 mmHg with topical treatment (qualified) or without topical treatment (complete) |
54.5 (12/22) Qualified 45.4 (10/22) Complete 9.1 (2/22) |
55.5 (10/18) Qualified 11.1 (2/18) Complete 44.4 (8/18) |
- | 14 | 22 |
| Gupta et al., India (2009) | Trab + ICB 1.25 | Trab + ICB 2.5 |
19 (19) |
9 (9) |
10 (10) |
- | - | - | - | 5 | 8 |
| Elwehidy et al., Egypt (2019) | IVR + PRP + Trab | IVR + PRP + Vtrab |
51 (51) |
25 (25) (12/13) |
26 (26) (15/11) |
IOP < 21 and > 6 mmHg with no further surgical procedures and no IOP lowering medications (complete) Above criteria but with IOP lowering medications (qualified) |
Complete 52 (13/25) Qualified 28 (7/25) |
Complete 53.8 (14/26) Qualified 30.8 (8/26) |
Qualified p = 0.726 |
49 | 42 |
| Tokumo et al., Japan (2021) | Baerveldt | Trab |
50 (50) |
23 (23) (NA) |
27 (27) (NA) |
IOP < 22 mmHg or > 20% reduction in IOP with no further surgeries and no decrease in BCVA |
59.1 (14/23) |
61.6 (16/27) |
p = 0.71 | 31 | 23 |
| Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) | |||||||||||
| Susanna Jr et al., Brazil (2003) | AGV | High AGV + PTCR |
92 (92) |
47 (47) |
45 (45) |
IOP > 4 and < 22 mmHg and at least 30% reduction of an IOP reduction ± IOP lowering medication | 77.7 (NA) | 70.4 (NA) | p > 0.05 | 28 | 29 |
| Teixeria et al., Brazil (2012) | AGV | AGV + TCA |
49 (49) |
27 (27) (NA) |
22 (22) (NA) |
IOP < 21 and > 6 mmHg (success) using < 2 IOP lowering medications (complete success) |
Success 76 (NA) Complete success 64 (NA) |
Success 77.8 (NA) Complete success 77.8 (NA) |
Success p = 0.82 Complete p = 0.31 |
26 | 23 |
R/L, right/left; AGV, Ahmed glaucoma valve; High AGV, high-pressure AGV; PTCR, partial Tenon’s capsule resection; Trab, trabeculectomy; Vtrab, visco-trabeculectomy; MMC, mitomycin C; 5-FU, 5-flurouracil; IVB, intra-vitreal bevacizumab; IVR, intra-vitreal ranibizumab; IVA, intra-vitreal afilibercept; ICB, intra-cameral bevacizumab; PRP, pan-retinal photocoagulation; TCA, triamcinolone; TDL, transcleral diode laser
*p-value is given for success rates between control and comparator but percentage success is not stated. It is only represented on a Kaplan–Meier curve; no figures are stated