Table 1.
Non-invasive tests for diagnosis and monitoring of IFALD in children.
| Author (reference) | Patients number |
Non-invasive
test |
Results |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mutanen et al. (10) | 77 | TE/GGT/citrulline | GGT, liver stiffness, and citrulline together had the highest accuracy for detecting active IFALD |
| Hukkinen et al. (42) | 57 | APRI/TE | The TE cutoff point was 4.25 kPa for discrimination of any fibrosis and 4.75 kPa for the detection of significant fibrosis. APRI was able to discriminate the presence of histological cholestasis, but was unable to predict any degree of fibrosis |
| Lawrence et al. (44) | 37 | Ultrasound Elastography | Positive correlation between stage of fibrosis and mean SWS |
| Rumbo et al. (45) | 36 | APRI | APRI score >1.6 predicts advanced fibrosis |
| Diaz et al. (46) | 48 | APRI | APRI could significantly predict cirrhosis, but not fibrosis |
| Hong et al. (47) | 63 | VCTE | The optimal cutoff to predict moderate/severe liver fibrosis was liver stiffness ≥6 kPa. APRI failed to discriminate mild from moderate to severe fibrosis |
| Nagelkerke et al. (48) | 32 | TE/APRI/ ELF | TE measurement correlated positively with age at inclusion, PN duration, weight for age, and AST, while negatively with the amount of infused lipid emulsion. APRI moderately correlated with the number of septic episodes, PN duration, and the percentage of calories delivered via enteral nutrition. APRI strongly correlated with AST and ALT and moderately with GGT, total bilirubin, and conjugated bilirubin. ELF score did not correlate with any of the evaluated risk factors. TE measurement moderately correlated with APRI. ELF score did not correlate with TE measurement or APRI |
TE, transient elastography; VCTE, vibration-controlled transient elastography; APRI, aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index; ELF, enhanced liver fibrosis; SWS, shear wave speed.