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. 2022 Jul 7;8(8):e09904. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09904

Table 11.

Regression results of countries in the declining stage.

Explained variable: EI (GMM) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
L.EI 0.8677∗∗∗ 0.8785∗∗∗ 0.8784∗∗∗ 0.8629∗∗∗ 0.8783∗∗∗ 0.8584∗∗∗
[0.0075] [0.0067] [0.0075] [0.0085] [0.0060] [0.0087]
FIA -0.0087∗
[0.0047]
FIE -0.0169∗∗∗
[0.0022]
FID -0.0041
[0.0053]
FMA -0.0080∗
[0.0044]
FME -0.0047∗∗∗
[0.0008]
FMD -0.0033
[0.0036]
_cons 0.0120∗∗ 0.0103∗∗ 0.0073 0.0185∗∗∗ 0.0087∗∗∗ 0.0211∗∗∗
[0.0049] [0.0045] [0.0046] [0.0056] [0.0034] [0.0058]
Control variables YES YES YES YES YES YES
Observations 575 575 575 629 575 602
NO of country 28 28 28 28 28 28
NO of IVs 71 71 71 73 71 73
AR (2) test (p-value) 0.9552 0.8836 0.9593 0.4852 0.9590 0.4819
Sargan test (p-value) 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

Standard errors in brackets,∗∗∗ 1% ∗∗ 5% ∗ 10%,∗p < 0.1, ∗∗p < 0.05, ∗∗∗p < 0.01.