TABLE 1.
A summary of the destruction of bacteria by MW in vitro.
Experimental setup |
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MW frequency (GHz) | Energy/power | Exposure temperature (°C) | Exposure time | Biological target/object | Effects | References |
– | 700 W | 100 | 3 min | Retorted vegetables | MW reduced the bacteria level by 103CFU/g. | Cho and Chung, 2020 |
0.915 | 6 kW | 90 | 5 min | Peanut butter | L. monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium in peanut butter was reduced. | Song and Kang, 2016 |
2.45 | 600 W | 100 | 5 min | Sludge | MW pretreatment could remove 13.5–35.5% of ARBs in the pH range down from 10 to 2.5. | Tong et al., 2016 |
2.45 | 465 W | 71 | 1 min | Sludge | After the exposure to MW irradiation, in a 20 g sludge sample, the concentration of E. Coli decreased to below than analytical detection levels. | Mawioo et al., 2016 |
– | 260 W/m3 | 100 | 20 s | E. coli | MW irradiation induced airborne E. coli lysis of 4.1 log reduction in 20 s. | Wang et al., 2019b |
2.45 | 800 W | 25–100 | 1 min | C. difficile spore | After MW treatment, C. difficile spore complete inactivation in aqueous suspension at 107 CFU/ml. | Ojha et al., 2016 |
2.45 | 700 W | – | 1.5 min | B. subtilis spores and Pseudomonas fluorescens | Under MW irradiation, only 35% of B. subtilis spores survived and 5.8% of Pseudomonas fluorescens survived. | Wu and Yao, 2010 |
2.45 | 750 W | – | 1.5 min | B. subtilis spores | B. subtilis spores achieved 3 log disinfection. | Zhang et al., 2010 |
2.45 | 500 W | – | 1.5 min | E. coli | E. coli under the detection limit. | Zhang et al., 2010 |
4.592 | 650 W | – | 3 min | Polymethyl methacrylate disks | MW combination for 3 min reduced C. albicans biofilm formation. | Martinez-Serna et al., 2021 |
2.45 | 150 W | 70–110 | 5 min | Bacillus cereus biofilms | MW irradiation achieved complete inactivation of Bacillus cereus biofilms. | Park et al., 2017 |