Table 2. Intergroup comparison of outcomes.
| Variables | Total (n=132) | MO (n=66) | HO (n=66) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Embolization degree†, n (%) | ||||
| <30% | 55 (41.7) | 27 (40.9) | 28 (42.4) | >0.999 |
| 30–60% | 38 (28.8) | 22 (33.3) | 16 (24.2) | 0.417 |
| >60% | 39 (29.5) | 17 (25.8) | 22 (33.3) | 0.522 |
| Microsurgical characteristics | ||||
| Blood loss (mean ± SD), mL | 825.0±863.61 | 915.9±1,049.29 | 734.1±620.74 | 0.267 |
| Microsurgical duration (mean ± SD), h | 6.5±3.53 | 7.5±4.09 | 5.5±2.53 | 0.001* |
| Post-embolization hemorrhage, n (%) | 7 (5.3) | 7 (10.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0.023* |
| Post-surgical complications, n (%) | 30 (22.7) | 18 (27.3) | 12 (18.2) | 0.286 |
| Intracranial hemorrhage | 4 (3.0) | 3 (4.6) | 1 (1.5) | 0.625 |
| Cerebral ischemia | 1 (0.8) | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | >0.999 |
| Seizure | 5 (3.8) | 3 (4.6) | 2 (3.0) | >0.999 |
| Intracranial infection | 17 (12.9) | 10 (15.2) | 7 (10.6) | 0.549 |
| Pulmonary infection | 6 (4.6) | 3 (4.6) | 3 (4.6) | >0.999 |
| NDs, n (%) | ||||
| Discharge | 24 (18.2) | 15 (22.7) | 9 (13.6) | 0.263 |
| 3-month | 12 (9.1) | 10 (15.2) | 2 (3.0) | 0.021* |
| 6-month | 7 (5.3) | 5 (7.6) | 2 (3.0) | 0.375 |
| bAVMs residue, n (%) | ||||
| 3-month | 3 (2.3) | 3 (4.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0.248 |
| 6-month | 2 (1.5) | 2 (3.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.480 |
†, embolization degree was recorded according to the maximum degree among stages for MO group, and intraoperative embolization degree for HO group. *, P<0.05, significant difference. MO, multi-staged operation; HO, hybrid operation; SD, standard deviation; NDs, neurological deficits; bAVMs, brain arteriovenous malformations.