Table 4. Logistic regression analysis for long-term NDs.
| Variables | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | P value | OR | 95% CI | P value | ||
| Age | 1.051 | 0.991–1.115 | 0.098 | 1.061 | 0.986–1.143 | 0.114 | |
| Male | 1.558 | 0.291–8.353 | 0.604 | 1.568 | 0.167–14.707 | 0.693 | |
| Onset symptom | |||||||
| Hemorrhage | 2.308 | 0.431–12.344 | 0.328 | – | – | – | |
| Seizure | 2.721 | 0.317–23.372 | 0.362 | – | – | – | |
| Neurological dysfunction | 2.810 | 0.296–16.659 | 0.368 | – | – | – | |
| Poor neurological status | 32.222 | 5.464–190.031 | <0.001 | 28.138 | 4.129–191.770 | 0.001* | |
| bAVM location | |||||||
| Supratentorial | Ref | Ref | Ref | – | – | – | |
| Infratentorial | 0.410 | 0.044–3.834 | 0.435 | – | – | – | |
| bAVM maximum diameter | 1.105 | 0.996–1.034 | 0.119 | 1.618 | 0.750–3.488 | 0.220 | |
| Eloquence | 1.271 | 0.273–5.913 | 0.760 | 1.141 | 0.163–8.009 | 0.894 | |
| Deep venous drainage | 1.267 | 0.234–6.868 | 0.784 | 1.125 | 0.118–10.762 | 0.918 | |
| Treatment modality | |||||||
| MO | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
| HO | 0.381 | 0.071–2.039 | 0.260 | 0.438 | 0.053–3.643 | 0.445 | |
*, P<0.05, significant difference. NDs, neurological deficits; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; bAVM, brain arteriovenous malformation; MO, multi-staged operation; HO, hybrid operation.