Table 2. Active components of Neem (Azadirachta indica) and their potential therapeutic effects.
| Azadirachta indica plant compound | Class of compound | Part | Potential therapeutic effects | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2',3'-dihydronimbolide | Terpenoid | Leaf | Anticancer | (13) |
| 2',3'-dehydrosalannol | Triterpenoid | Leaf | Antifeedant, anticancer | (12) |
| 28-deoxonimbolide | Terpenoid | Seed | Anticancer | (13) |
| 6-deacetylnimbinene | Limonoid | Bark | Antiangiogenic, anti-cancer | (12) |
| Azadirachtin | Limonoid | Seed | Anticancer | (23) |
| Azadiradione | Limonoid | Fruit | Neuro-protective | (43,44) |
| Azadiramide | Limonoid | Seed | Anticancer | (28,44) |
| Azadirone | Limonoid | Seed | Anticancer | (45) |
| Catechin | Flavonoid | Bark | Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory | (46,47) |
| Epicatechin | Flavonoid | Bark | Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory | (46,48) |
| EAD | Limonoid | Fruits, seeds | Anti-inflammatory, anticancer | (49,50) |
| Gedunin | Limonoid | Leaf, seed | Anticancer, anti-allergic | (44,51) |
| Isomargolonone | Diterpenoid | Bark | Antibacterial | (46,52) |
| Margolonone | Diterpenoid | Bark | Antibacterial | (25,46,52-65) |
| Margolone | Diterpenoid | Bark | Antibacterial | (46,52) |
| Nimbandiol | Limonoid | Leaf, root | Anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and antimycobacterial | (13,46,52, 66) |
| Nimbidin | Triterpenoid | Seed | Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal | (13,66,67) |
| Nimbin | Triterpenoid | Seed | Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antihistamine, antipyretic, antiviral | (12,46,67-73) |
| Nimbolide | Limonoid | Leaf, seed | Anticancer, antibacterial, anti-malarial | (8,9,12,13,19-21,46,67-85) |
| Nimolinone | Protolimonoid | Leaf | Antiangiogenic, anti-cancer | (8,9,12,13,19-21,67,74-85) |
| Nimonol | Limonoid | Leaf | Anticancer, antifungal | (12,86-88) |
| Nimbinene | Limonoid | Seed | Anti-insecticidal, anticancer | (12,86-91) |
| Quercetin | Flavonoid | Leaf | anti-inflammatory | (12,48,89-91) |
EAD, epoxyazadiradione.