Table 5. Anti-cancer effect of Neem (Azadirachta indica) on different cancer types.
| Cancer type | Mechanism | Neem component | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Skin cancer | Inhibition of pro cancer inflammatory signals | NLE | (127) |
| Cytotoxic activity | Limonoid | (128) | |
| PCa | Apoptosis | NLE | (129) |
| Cytotoxicity | Nimbolide | (130) | |
| Cervical cancer | Cell cycle arrest | NLE | (128) |
| Ovarian cancer | Cytotoxicity | Nimbolide | (75) |
| Breast cancer | Destabilization of mitochondrial membrane potential. ROS generation and cell cycle arrest | Neem seed oil | (24) |
| Colon cancer | Apoptosis | Nimbolide | (19) |
| Cell cycle arrest | Limonoid | (131) | |
| Lung cancer | Apoptosis | Nimbolide | (130) |
| Stomach cancer | Elevated antioxidant enzymes and inhibition of lipid peroxidation | NLE | (132) |
| Liver cancer | Apoptosis | Nimbolide | (133) |
| EC | Increased production of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells | NLE | (134) |
PCa, prostate cancer; NLE, Neem leaf extract; ROS, reactive oxygen species; EC, Ehrlich’s carcinoma.