Table 5.

Factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress among males

Characteristics	Depression			Anxiety			Stress
	χ 2 (p)	AOR (95% CI)	p	χ 2 (p)	AOR (95% CI)	p	χ 2 (p)	AOR (95% CI)	p
Age	1.99 (0.37)	‐	‐	2.11 (0.35)	‐	‐	1.81 (0.41)	‐	‐
20–39	‐	Ref	‐	‐	Ref	‐	‐	Ref	‐
40–59	‐	0.86 (0.13–5.68)	0.88	‐	2.58 (0.54–12.31)	0.24	‐	‐	‐
60–80	‐	0.28 (0.04–1.86)	0.19	‐	1.02 (0.25–4.14)	0.97	‐	2.88 (0.19–44.61)	0.45
Marital status	0.54 (0.59)	‐	‐	1.78 (0.19)	‐	‐	0.57 (0.63)	‐	‐
Currently with a regular partner	‐	Ref	‐	‐	Ref	‐	‐	Ref	‐
Currently without a regular partner	‐	2.26 (0.41–12.51)	0.35	‐	0.36 (0.11–1.14)	‐	‐	0.95 (0.07–13.84)	0.97
Religion	0.13 (>0.99)	‐	‐	1.54 (0.24)	‐	‐	1.28 (0.32)	‐	‐
Christian	‐	Ref	‐	‐	Ref	‐	‐	Ref	‐
Islam	‐	2.65 (0.21–32.98)	0.45	‐	0.36 (0.06–2.11)	0.25	‐	0.42 (0.02–8.36)	0.57
Employment status	0.91 (0.64)	‐	‐	2.38 (0.30)	‐	‐	0.07 (0.97)	‐	‐
Employed by other	‐	Ref	‐	‐	Ref	‐	‐	Ref	‐
Employed by self	‐	‐	‐	‐	‐	‐	‐	‐	‐
Unemployed	‐	1.08 (0.20–5.93)	‐	‐	2.26 (0.55–9.29)	‐	‐	0.40 (0.02–9.51)	0.57
Educational level	16.27 (<0.001)	‐	‐	9.60 (0.01)	‐	‐	1.67 (0.43)	‐	‐
Tertiary	‐	Ref	‐		Ref	‐	‐	Ref	‐
Nontertiary	‐	2.77 (0.35–21.78)	0.93	‐	1.07 (0.16–7.10)	0.94	‐	0.31 (0.01–11.60)	0.53
No formal education	‐	0.11 (0.02–0.73)	0.02	‐	0.18 (0.04–0.86)	0.03	‐	0.11 (0.00–2.90)	0.18
Do you drink alcohol	0.003 (>0.99)	‐	‐	0.61 (0.66)	‐	‐	0.28 (1.00)	‐	‐
Yes	‐	Ref	‐	‐	Ref	‐	‐	Ref	‐
No	‐	1.91 (0.10–37.10)	0.67	‐	0.64 (0.05–7.57)	0.72	‐	‐	‐
Comorbid conditions	1.82 (0.23)	‐	‐	0.40 (0.53)	‐	‐	4.82 (0.09)	‐	‐
Yes	‐	Ref	‐	‐	Ref	‐	‐	Ref	‐
No	‐	5.51 (0.76–39.94)	0.09	‐	2.28 (0.45–11.47)	0.32	‐	10.91 (0.63–188.49)	0.10

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.