Figure 5.

(A) The differences of the Bray–Curtis distance and βMNTD between abundant and rare subcommunities (Wilcoxon rank-sum test, p < 0.001). (B) Pairwise correlations between environmental variables, and the Mantel tests between environmental variables vs. β-diversity. BC.abun, BC.rare, βMNTD.abun, and βMNTD.rare represent the Bray–Curtis distance and βMNTD of abundant and rare subcommunities, respectively. The lines denote the significant relationships with line width representing the Mantel r statistic. Pairwise correlations between environmental variables are shown in the heatmap matrix denoting Pearson's correlation coefficient. The significant results are shown in numbers. The abbreviations of the environmental variables are explained in the Methods section.