Table 4.
Concentration of inflammatory biomarkers in mild/moderate versus severe COVID-19 patients.
| Parameters | Mild/Moderate, n=58, Median (IQR) | Severe, n=68, Median (IQR) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| CRP (mg/L) | 44.50 (9.0, 110.3) | 99.50 (43.25, 187.0) | .0007* |
| ICAM-1(mg/L) | 0.74 (0.52, 1.14) | 0.97 (0.67, 1.29) | .0082 |
| SAA (mg/L) | 111.0 (19.25,335.5) | 422.0 (139.0,883.3) | <.0001* |
| VCAM-1(mg/L) | 0.94 (0.72,1.22) | 1.12 (0.86,1.37) | .0095 |
| CCL11 (ng/L) | 114.7 (70.82,162.1) | 93.41(67.61,133.5) | .1945 |
| CCL26 (ng/L) | 28.49 (19.03,37.54) | 25.47 (20.41,39.60) | .9388 |
| CXCL10 (ng/L) | 471.5 (168.8,1826) | 2084 (721.1,4228) | <.0001* |
| CCL2 (ng/L) | 55.51 (41.01,97.44) | 45.63 (35.55,87.95) | .1499 |
| CCL13 (ng/L) | 60.40 (48.32,90.30) | 75.36 (53.26,111.6) | .1427 |
| CCL22 (ng/L) | 563.0 (326.1,762.9) | 380.4 (280.7,504.3) | .0036 |
| CCL3 (ng/L) | 13.06 (9.36, 20.52) | 13.54 (8.57,19.39) | .8348 |
| CCL4 (ng/L) | 61.01 (49.18, 81.78) | 61.70 (50.14,86.63) | .9204 |
| CCL17 (ng/L) | 68.64 (45.04, 180.0) | 71.94 (43.08,109.2) | .3889 |
| IFN-Ƴ (ng/L) | 5.99 (2.98, 23.11) | 4.24 (1.87, 15.77) | .2639 |
| IL-10 (ng/L) | 0.60 (0.31, 2.18) | 1.49 (0.55, 3.78) | .0025 |
| IL-12p70 (ng/L) | 0.21 (0.15, 0.34) | 0.24 (0.12, 0.38) | .7706 |
| IL-13 (ng/L) | 1.14 (0.76, 1.70) | 0.89 (0.50,1.43) | .0698 |
| IL-1β (ng/L) | 0.14 (0.0, 0.27) | 0.060 (0.0, 0.25) | .6639 |
| IL-2 (ng/L) | 0.71 (0.36, 1.03) | 0.61 (0.46, 1.08) | .4399 |
| IL-4 (ng/L) | 0.04 (0.02, 0.06) | 0.03 (0.01,0.06) | .7863 |
| IL-6 (ng/L) | 4.78 (1.58, 11.21) | 5.61 (2.55, 14.40) | .1715 |
| IL-8 (ng/L) | 13.83 (7.43, 26.27) | 14.23 (8.24, 27.71) | .9504 |
| TNF-α (ng/L) | 1.71 (1.17, 2.81) | 1.88 (1.22, 2.71) | .6076 |
| GM-CSF (ng/L) | 0.04 (0.0, 0.14) | 0.01 (0.0, 0.10) | .4333 |
| IL-12/IL-23p40 (ng/L) | 60.56 (28.58, 111.8) | 29.90 (11.20, 52.28) | .0005* |
| IL-15 (ng/L) | 2.66 (1.68, 5.01) | 4.03 (3.09, 5.22) | .0037 |
| IL-16 (ng/L) | 138.5 (98.65, 247.8) | 179.1 (129.1, 271.5) | .0098 |
| IL-17A (ng/L) | 2.34 (1.15, 3.47) | 0.94 (0.50,2.18) | .0001* |
| IL-1α (ng/L) | 2.43 (1.88, 4.07) | 2.68 (1.59, 3.87) | .9718 |
| IL-5 (ng/L) | 0.33 (0.16, 0.76) | 0.09 (0.0, 0.28) | <.0001* |
| IL-7 (ng/L) | 2.71 (1.78, 5.27) | 5.69 (3.49, 10.44) | <.0001* |
| TNF-β (ng/L) | 0.13 (0.09,0.17) | 0.06 (0.04, 0.13) | <.0001* |
| VEGF (ng/L) | 41.65 (7.83, 136.8) | 48.95 (8.89, 191.6) | .5632 |
| Flt-1 (ng/L) | 201.6 (107.8, 423.2) | 701.6 (331.2, 1783) | <.0001* |
| PlGF (ng/L) | 8.62 (5.10, 10.97) | 8.88 (6.25, 13.59) | .1669 |
| Tie-2 (ng/L) | 2091 (1680,2499) | 1923 (1644, 2229) | .3442 |
| VEGF-C (ng/L) | 109.4 (43.50,191.0) | 107.8 (46.16,169.2) | .8026 |
| VEGF-D (ng/L) | 1061 (746.3,1563) | 1686 (922.4,2384) | .0071 |
| bFGF (ng/L) | 14.63 (4.43,34.33) | 15.31 (8.44,32.84) | .5251 |
Bold p value emphasizes 0.05 criteria met. *p value emphasizes Bonferroni (0.05/39) criteria met.