Table 2. Comparison of basic demographic and clinical characteristics between genders.
| Whole sample (n = 634) | Women (n = 182) | Men (n = 452) | Statistics | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate analyses | Multiple logistic regression analyses | Hosmer and Lemeshow test | |||||||||||
| N | % | N | % | N | % | χ 2 | df | p | OR | 95 CI% | p | p | |
| Inpatients | 345 | 54.4 | 75 | 41.2 | 270 | 59.7 | 17.9 | 1 | <0.001 | – | – | – | – |
| Married | 550 | 86.8 | 150 | 82.4 | 400 | 88.5 | 4.1 | 1 | 0.04 | 1.4 | 0.8–2.6 | 0.1b | 0.001 |
| Employed | 589 | 92.9 | 149 | 81.9 | 440 | 97.3 | 47.1 | 1 | <0.001 | 3.4 | 1.3–8.3 | 0.008 c | 0.9 |
| Local residents | 272 | 42.9 | 76 | 41.8 | 196 | 43.4 | 0.1 | 1 | 0.1 | – | – | – | – |
| Living alone | 22 | 3.5 | 8 | 4.4 | 14 | 3.1 | 0.6 | 1 | 0.4 | – | – | – | – |
| Personal income <3000 yuan | 210 | 33.1 | 93 | 51.1 | 117 | 25.9 | 37.2 | 1 | <0.001 | 0.3 | 0.2–0.5 | <0.001 d | 0.83 |
| Having health insurance | 14 | 2.2 | 2 | 1.1 | 12 | 2.7 | 0.8 | 1 | 0.3 | – | – | – | – |
| Family history of psychiatric disorders | 17 | 2.7 | 6 | 3.3 | 11 | 2.4 | 0.1 | 1 | 0.7 | – | – | – | – |
| Current alcohol use | 109 | 17.2 | 9 | 4.9 | 100 | 22.1 | 26.8 | 1 | <0.001 | 6.4 | 2.9-13.9 | <0.001 e | 0.81 |
| Chronic physical diseases | 282 | 44.5 | 79 | 43.4 | 203 | 44.9 | 0.1 | 1 | 0.7 | – | – | – | – |
| Insomnia | 166 | 26.2 | 61 | 33.5 | 105 | 23.2 | 7.1 | 1 | 0.008 | 0.6 | 0.3–0.9 | 0.03 f | 0.97 |
| HBV-related liver disease | 20.7 | 3 | <0.001 | – | – | – | <0.001 l | ||||||
| Carrier | 60 | 9.5 | 27 | 14.8 | 33 | 7.3 | 1 | ||||||
| CHB | 229 | 36.1 | 80 | 44.0 | 149 | 33.0 | 1.7 | 0.9–3.4 | 0.08g | – | |||
| Cirrhosis | 181 | 28.5 | 42 | 23.1 | 139 | 30.8 | 5.9 | 2.7–12.9 | <0.001 g | – | |||
| HCC | 164 | 25.9 | 33 | 18.1 | 131 | 29.0 | 8.5 | 3.6–19.9 | <0.001 g | – | |||
| Major depression | 41 | 6.5 | 19 | 10.4 | 22 | 4.9 | 6.6 | 1 | 0.01 | 0.8 | 0.2–2,5 | 0.7h | – |
| suicidality | 22 | 3.5 | 14 | 7.7 | 8 | 1.8 | 13.5 | 1 | <0.001 | 0.3 | 0.05–2.0 | 0.2i | – |
| Univariate analyses | ANCOVA | ||||||||||||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | T / Z | df | p | F | df | p | ||
| Age (years) | 47.7 | 13.8 | 46.9 | 15.1 | 48.0 | 13.2 | −0.9 | 632 | <0.001 | 6.7 | – | 0.009 j | – |
| Age of onset of HBV (years) | 33.7 | 14.3 | 31.9 | 14.9 | 34.5 | 14.0 | −2.2 | –a | 0.02 | 4.5 | – | 0.03 k | – |
| Duration of HBV-related liver disease (years) | 14.0 | 11.2 | 14.6 | 11.3 | 13.8 | 11.2 | −1.0 | –a | 0.29 | – | – | – | – |
| Education (years) | 11.0 | 4.5 | 10.9 | 5.5 | 11.0 | 4.0 | −0.05 | –a | 0.9 | – | – | – | – |
| GAF score | 74.5 | 12.6 | 73.3 | 13.2 | 75 | 12.4 | −1.5 | 632 | 0.8 | – | – | – | – |
Notes.
Mann–Whitney U test. Bolded values are p < 0.05; CHB, Chronic Hepatitis B; GAF, Global Assessment of Functioning; HCC, Hepatocellular Carcinoma; MINI, Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview.
Using married as dependent variable, while gender as independent variable after controlling for employed, personal income, current alcohol use, sleep disorder, diagnosis of HBV-related liver disease, current depression, suicidality, age, age at onset.
Using employed as dependent variable, while gender as independent variable after controlling for married, personal income, current alcohol use, sleep disorder, diagnosis of HBV-related liver disease, current depression, suicidality, age, age at onset.
Using personal income as dependent variable, while gender as independent variable after controlling for married, employed, current alcohol use, sleep disorder, diagnosis of HBV-related liver disease, current depression, suicidality, age, age at onset.
Using having current alcohol use as dependent variable, while gender as independent variable after controlling for married, employed, personal income, sleep disorder, diagnosis of HBV-related liver disease, current depression, suicidality, age, age at onset.
Using having sleep disorder as dependent variable, while gender as independent variable after controlling for married, employed, personal income, current alcohol use, diagnosis of HBV-related liver disease, current depression, suicidality, age, age at onset.
Using having diagnosis of HBV-related liver disease as dependent variable, while gender as independent variable after controlling for married, employed, personal income, sleep disorder, current alcohol use, current depression, suicidality, age, age at onset.
Using current depression as dependent variable, while gender as independent variable after controlling for married, employed, personal income, current alcohol use, having sleep disorder, diagnosis of HBV-related liver disease, suicidality, age, age at onset.
Using suicidality, as dependent variable, while gender as independent variable after controlling for married, employed, personal income, current alcohol use, having sleep disorder, diagnosis of HBV-related liver disease, current depression, age, age at onset.
Using married, employed, personal income, current alcohol use, sleep disorder, diagnosis of HBV-related liver disease, current depression, suicidality, age at onset as covariates.
Using married, employed, personal income, current alcohol use, sleep disorder, diagnosis of HBV-related liver disease, current depression, suicidality, age as covariates.
The p value of Hosmer and Lemeshow test.
The p value of pearson’s chi-square test.