Table 1.
Baseline and hospitalization characteristics of participants
| Characteristic | All (n = 749) |
|---|---|
|
Age, y, mean ± SD
|
55 ± 14 |
| Male |
397 (53%) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, median (IQR) |
31 · 1 (27 · 5-36 · 6) |
|
Race*
| |
| White |
342 (47%) |
| Asian |
10 (1%) |
| Mixed |
273 (37%) |
| Black |
102 (14%) |
| Indigenous |
7 (1%) |
| Education | |
| <4 y |
265 (36%) |
| 4-8 y |
142 (19%) |
| 8-12 y |
202 (27%) |
| >12 y |
134 (18%) |
|
Socioeconomic position†
| |
| A+B1+B2 (high) |
196 (27%) |
| C1+C2 (medium) |
470 (64%) |
| D+E (low) |
73 (10%) |
| Smoking history, yes |
284 (38%) |
| Charlson comorbidity index, median (IQR) |
3 (2-4) |
| Duration of symptoms at admission, median (IQR), d |
8 (6-11) |
| Acute renal failure during hospitalization |
315 (42%) |
| ICU stay |
445 (59%) |
| Intubation |
305 (41%) |
| Duration of hospitalization, median (IQR), d | 12 (7-23) |
SD – standard deviation, IQR – interquartile range, y – years
Data are presented as counts (percentage) unless otherwise stated.
*The categories represent the Brazilian official race categories.
†Brazilian official socio-economic classes, based on household assets, access to public services, and educational level of the head of the family, with A being the higher income class and E the lower income class. We collapsed categories A+B1+B2 (high), C1+C2 (medium) and D+E (low) for the present analysis. Body mass index missing for 9 (1%) patients. Race missing for 15 (2%) patients. Education level missing for 6 (1%) patients. Socioeconomic position missing for 10 (1%) patients. Charlson comorbidity index missing for 30(4%) patients. Smoking history missing for 6 (1% patients). PM2.5 missing for 1 (0%) patient. Duration of symptoms missing for 1 (0%) patient. Acute renal failure was defined and staged according to the KDIGO definition using serum creatinine criteria.