Table 3. Characteristics of studies regarding social relationships associated with the patient’s affective symptoms.
| Author (year) | Social relationship (measures) | Affective symptoms (measures) | Analysis adjusts for | Key findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Functional Aspect of Social Relationships | ||||
| Social support | ||||
| Roberts et al.,1994 | Social support (SSQ) | Psychological status (SCL-90-R) & (distress GSI) | Desirability | 1) Single patients who had support from friend demonstrated lower depression (r = -0.44), anxiety (r = -0.38), and overall severity of psychological distress (r = -0.41) (all p <0.05). 2) Married patients who had support from spouse demonstrated lower depression (r = -0.27) as well as overall severity of psychological distress (r = -0.27) (both p<0.01). |
| Neuling et al., 1988 | Social support (MDSS) | Anxiety (STAI) Depression (Wakefield Self-Assessment Depression Inventory) |
NR |
In hospital, 1) Anxiety was related to amount of support received from friends [F(1,49) = 5.84;p<0.05] and satisfaction with support from family members [F(1,50) = 4.54, p<0.05]. 2) Depression was related to the amount of support from friends [F(1,49) = 6.50, p<0.05] and satisfaction with family support [F(1,50) = 5.58, p<0.05]. 1-month post operation, Anxiety was related to the amount of support received from friends [F(1,37) = 6.77, p<0.05) 3-month post operation, 1) Anxiety was not related to the amount of support but was related to satisfaction with support from family [F(1,34) = 9.72, p<0.005] 2) Depression was related to satisfaction with support from family [F(1,34) = 5.60, p<0.05] |
| Koopman et al., 1998 | Social support (Yale Social Support Index & single item measure) | Mood disturbance (POMS) | NR | Patients’ mood disturbances were positively associated with aversive social support. |
| Lee et al., 2004 | Social Support (SSS) | Mood disturbance (Linear Analogue Self-Assessment Scale) | NR | Patients with low social support reported higher mood disturbance (r = -0.25, p = 0.004). |
| Maly et al., 2005 | Emotional &Instrumental support (items developed based on qualitative interview) | Depression (CES-D) Anxiety (STAI-S) |
Socio-demographics, cancer stage, treatment type, comorbidity | 1) Patients demonstrated lower depressive when they had partners who helped around the house (β = -0.16, p = 0.048). 2) In white women (patients), they showed more anxiety when they had other family members or friends who helped with bathing or dressing (β = 0.20, p = 0.028) 3) In non-white women (patients), their anxiety became lower when they had children who listened to concerns or worries (β = -0.30, p = 0.044) and helped around the house (β = -0.25, p = 0.046). 4) In non-white women (patients), their depression became lower when they had children who helped around the house (β = -0.30, p = 0.02). |
| Palesh et al., 2006 | Social support (UCLA Social Support Inventory) | Mood disturbance (POMS) | NR | No relationship was found between mood disturbances and satisfaction with social support |
| Porter et al., 2006 | Social support satisfaction (SSQ) | Negative mood (POMS-SF) | NR | Patients demonstrated less negative mood state when their satisfaction with social support increased (β = -0.087, t = -2.041). |
| Friedman et al., 2006 | Social support (SSQ) | Mood disturbances (TMD and POMS-SF) | NR | No association was found between mood disturbances and social support |
| Kim & Morrow, 2007 | Family support (FES) | Anxiety (STAI) | Emetic score | Higher family support predicted lower patients’ anxiety level (β = -0.36, p<0.001). |
| Nausheen & Kamal, 2007 | Familial social support (FSSS) | Depression (SSDS) | NR | 1) Patients showed less depression when they had strong familiar support (r = -0.85, p<0.001) |
| Von Ah & Kang, 2008 | Emotional and aid support (NSSQ) | Mood disturbance (POMS-SF) | NR | 1) Emotional support was associated with mood disturbance before (r = -.34, p < .01), after (r = -.47, p < .001) adjuvant therapy. 2) Aid support was associated with mood disturbances during (r = -.38, p < .001) adjuvant therapy. 3) Prior to adjuvant therapy, aid support had indirect effect on mood disturbance whereas emotional support has both indirect (ß = -0.42, p < .05) and direct effect (ß = -0.53) on mood disturbances 4) During adjuvant therapy, aid support has indirect effect of mood disturbance 5) After adjuvant therapy, emotional support has both direct (ß = -0.39, p<0.01) and indirect effects on mood disturbances. |
| Gellaitry et al., 2010 | Social Support (Significant Others Scale) | Psychological well-being (POMS) | Baseline measures | In intervention group, patients demonstrated less depression when they were satisfied with emotional support (p<0.05) |
| Gorman et al., 2010 | Social support (MOS-SSS) | Depressive symptoms (CES-D) | Demographic and clinical characteristics, randomized assignment | Patients with greater social support showed lower depressive symptoms (p<0.0001) |
| Hasson-Ohayon et al., 2010 | Agent of Support and Type of Support (CPASS) | Psychological distress (BSI) | NR | 1) Patients demonstrated lower depression when they had support from spouse (r = -0.16, p<0.05), family (r = -0.28, p<0.01), and friends (r = -0.24, p<0.01). 2) Patients demonstrated lower anxiety when they had support from family (r = -0.22, p<0.01). 3) Higher family support predicted lower patient’s psychological distress (β = -0.32, p<0.005). 4) Higher family support predicted lower depression and anxiety (β = -0.20, p<0.0057; β = -0.19, p<0.052). |
| Kim et al., 2010 | Social support (developed from previous studies using six items) | Emotional well-being (FACT-B) | Age, education level, race, living status, cancer stage | 1) Patients with strong social support reported good emotional well-being (r = .34, p < .001) 2) Social support influenced emotional well-being (ß = 0.23, p < .001) |
| Talley et al., 2010 | Partner social support (Items developed by Alferi et al, 2001) | Depression (CES-D) | Age, income co-morbid illness, co-residence, distance from radiation treatment center, level of physical symptoms | Patients showed lower levels of depression when they had greater partner emotional support (β = -0.23, p<0.05). |
| Cohen et al., 2010 | Perceived social support (self-report 10-item) | Emotional distress (BSI-18) | Demographics | Perceived social support predicted the variance of emotional distress (β = -0.30, p<0.01) |
| Hill et al., 2011 | Perceived emotional support (MOS-SSS) | MD (Major depression) GAD (Generalized anxiety disorder) |
History of psychiatric disorder | 1) During one year after cancer diagnosis, low social support predicted onset of MD (OR = 2.20, 95%CI = 1.12–4.33, p<0.05)and GAD (OR = 2.51, 95%CI = 1.05–5.97, p<0.03) 2) Low social support predicted the risk of onset of both MD (OR = 3.43, 95% CI = 1.32–8.87, p = 0.01) and GAD (OR = 4.00, 95% CI = 1.42–11.30, p = 0.01) |
| Lee et al., 2011 | Perceived Social Support (MOS-SSS) | Depressive Mood (SDS) | Demographics, menopausal status, BMI, exercise, drinking status. | Worsen emotional support (p<0.001), informational (p = 0.04) were associated with deteriorated depressive mood. |
| Liu et al., 2011 | Social support (social support rating scale) | Anxiety and depression (HADS) Psychological stress (Psychological stress scale) |
NR | 1) Patients’ psychological stress were associated with social support (subjective and objective) and its utility (all p<0.05) 2) Both anxiety (r = -0.196, p<0.01; r = -0.128, p<0.05) and depression (r = -0.141, p<0.01; r = -0.168, p<0.01) were associated with objective support and its utility. 3) Depression was associated with subjective social support (r = -0.315, p<0.01). 4) Subjective social support (β = -0.108, p<0.05) and its utility (β = 0.329, p<0.05) were predictors of anxiety. 5) Objective social support (β = -0.249, p<0.05) was a predictor of depression |
| Boinon et al., 2012 | Perceived social support (Cancer-specific questionnaire of social support) | Depressive symptom (BDI-SF) Negative affect (PANAS) |
Demographics, time since surgery, social sharing variables | Patients with higher perceived negative support demonstrated higher depressive symptoms and negative affect (ß = 0.24, p<0.05; ß = 0,26, p<0.01) |
| Jones et al., 2012 | Social support (MSPSS) Unsupportive social interactions (USII) |
Health anxiety (MIHT) Anxiety and depression (HADS) |
Demographics, cancer-related variables, general anxiety and depression | 1) Patients had a tendency to worry about their health (health anxiety-affective dimension) when they had unsupportive social interactions (r = 0.36, p<0.001) 2) Patient’s health anxiety-affective dimension was predicted by unsupportive interactions (β = 0.21, p<0.05) and social support (β = -0.20, p<0.05). 3) Patients reported higher anxiety when they had lower perceived social support (r = -0.32, p<0.001) and unsupportive social interactions (r = 0.41, p<0.001) 4) Patients reported higher depression when they had lower perceived social support (r = -0.33, p<0.001) and unsupportive social interactions (r = 0.44, p<0.001) |
| Mallinckordt et al., 2012 | Social support (SPS-M) | Psychological distress (BSI) | NR | 1) Patients demonstrated less psychological distress when they had higher social support (T1:r = -0.26, p<0.01; T2: r = -0.44,p<0.01). 2) A significant association was found between social support and psychological distress at both T1 and T2 (all p<0.01) |
| Popoola & Adewuya, 2012 | Perceived social support (indicating on Likert scale) | Depression (MINI) | NR | 1) Depression was associated with perceived social support (p = 0.001). 2) Perceived poor social support was a significant predictor of depression (β = 1.078, p = 0.014) |
| Aguado Loi et al., 2013 | Social support group attendance (Demographic questionnaire) Satisfaction with social support (Demographic questionnaire) |
Depression (PHQ-9) | NR | 1) Increased depression was associated with satisfaction with family/peer support (β = -0.42, p<0.01). 2) The amount of support from family and friends was associated with depressive symptoms (β = -0.36, p<0.01). |
| So et al., 2013 | Social support (MOS-SSS) | Anxiety and Depression (HADS) | None | Patients showed lower levels of depression (β = -0.37, p<0.05) and anxiety (β = -0.28, p<0.05) when they had greater social support |
| Waters et al., 2013 | Perceived social support (MOS-SSS) | Emotional well-being (RAND 36-Item Health Survey) Worry (FACT-B) |
Demographics, depression history and trait anxiety, cancer stage, types of surgical and adjuvant treatments |
1) Patients showed higher worrying about cancer progression when they had lower social support (r = 0.16, p<0.05). 2) Patients with higher social support reported better emotional well-being (Wilks’ Λ = l0.86, F[24,1,320] = 2.9, p < .0001) |
| Yi & Kim, 2013 | Social support (PRQ-II) | Depressive symptom (CES-D) | NR | Patients with low social support reported higher depression (r = -.585, p < .0001). |
| Boinon et al., 2014 | Perceived social support (SSQ6) | Psychological distress (Impact of Event Scale) Depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory) |
NR | 1) A higher level of depressive symptoms at T2 (after adjuvant therapy) was associated with lower quantity of support (r = -.20, p<0.05), instrumental support (r = -0.26, p<0.01), and informational support at T1(before adjuvant therapy) (r = -0.20, p<0.05) 2) Patients who perceived a higher instrumental support at T1 reported a lower level of depressive symptoms (β = -0.27, p<0.05) at T2 |
| Hasson-Ohayon et al., 2014 | Social support (CPASS) | Psychological distress (BSI) | None | 1) A significant association was found between social support and depression in younger patient group (β = -0.32, p = 0.016). 2) No significant association was found between social support and depression in older patient group. |
| Hughes et al., 2014 | Social support (ESSI) | Depression (CES-D) | Demographics, comorbidities, cancer stage, time since treatment | Patients with lower social support at T1(prior to cancer treatments) experienced higher level of depressive symptoms from T1 to T2 (6 months after the completion of cancer treatments) (β = -.47, t(137) = -2.97, p = 0.004) than patients with more social support. |
| Schleife et al., 2014 | Social support (VAS) | Anxiety and Depression (HADS) | NR | 1) Patients receiving social support showed less depression (r = -0.43, p<0.01) as well as anxiety (r = -0.36, p<0.01). 2) Higher social support decreased mental distress (β = -0.37, p<0.01). |
| Wang et al., 2014 | Social support (SSRS) Perceived social support (PSSS) |
Depression (CES-D) Anxiety (STAI) |
NR | Patients with strong perceived social support (β = -0.29, p<0.01; β = -0.23, p<0.01) and objective social support (β = -0.12, p<0.05; β = -0.14, p<0.05) reported lower depression as well as anxiety |
| Borstelmann et al., 2015 | Perceived social support (MOS-SSS) Marital subscale of Perceive partner support (CARES) |
Anxiety (HADS) | NR | 1) Unsupported/partnered patients had higher anxiety (p<0.0001) 2) Patients with lower social support (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.95–0.97) and unsupported/partnered (OR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.34–3.24) reported higher anxiety |
| Ozkaraman et al., 2015 | Social support (CPSSS) | Social image anxiety (SIAS) | NR | 1) Patients demonstrated higher anxiety about body image when they received support from the spouse and/or children, but it was lower among women who had support only from friends (KW = 16.20; p = 0.02) 2) Higher anxiety was associated with decreasing reliance support (r = -0.35, p<0.001) |
| Alfonsson et al., 2016 | Lack of social support (Self-report Questionnaire) | Anxiety and Depression (HADS) | NR | 1) Lack of social support at T1 (shortly after diagnosis) predicted anxiety at T1 (p<0.001). 2) Lack of social support at T1 and T2 predicted anxiety at T2 (3 years after diagnosis) (p = 0.027; p = 0.020). 3) Lack of social support at T1 predicted depression at T1 (p = 0.004). 4) Lack of social support at T1 and T2 predicted depression at T2 (p = 0.01; p = 0.002). |
| Malicka et al., 2016 | Social support (BSSS) | Anxiety (STAI) Depression (BDI) | NR | No association was found between social support and anxiety as well as depression. |
| Berhili et al., 2017 | Family support (ask direct question about family assistance) | Anxiety and depression (HADS) | Demographics, taking analgesic and/or anxiolytic treatment, current treatment type | Patients demonstrated psychological distress when they had lack of social family support (p<0.001) |
| Fong et al., 2017 | Social Support (MOS-SSS) | Depressive symptoms (CES-D) Stress (Perceived Stress Scale) Positive and Negative Affect (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule) |
Demographics, cancer stage | 1) Decline in social support quality predicted increase in depression (p = 0.003), negative affect (p = 0.05), and stress (β = -0.22, p = 0.01). 2) Decreases in social support quantity (β = -0.20) predicted increases in stress. 3) No association was found between social support quantity and negative and positive affect. |
| Moon et al., 2017 | Receiving emotional/instrumental support (counting the total number of message containing emotional/instrumental support expression) | Depression (CES-D) | Demographics, total volume of message | 1) Patients who received emotional support by cancer survivors demonstrated greater reduction of depression (β = -0.32, p<0.001). 2) No association was found between receiving emotional support provided by other new patients and the reduction in depression. |
| Schellekens et al., 2017 | Social support (MOS-SSS) | Mood disturbances (POMS) | NR | In MBCR group, patients with increased social support reported changes in their mood disturbances (β = -0.24, p = 0.004) |
| Su et al., 2017 | Family support (APGAR) | Psychiatric diagnosis (MINI) | NR | Higher family support was associated with lower risk for major depressive disorder (β = 0.87, p<0.05). |
| Thompson et al., 2017 | Social support (MOS-SSS) | Depressive symptoms (CES-D) | Randomization assignment, levels of general health, depressive symptoms at baseline | 1) Patients with lower initial levels of social support demonstrated more severe depressive symptoms (β = 0.33, p<0.001) 2) Patients with lower baseline social support (β = -0.20, p<0.05) as well as greater decline in social support (β = -0.40, p<0.05) over time demonstrated more depressive symptoms over time |
| Tomita et al., 2017 | Social support (MOS-SSS) | Depressive symptoms (CES-D) | NR | Higher perceived social support decreased depressive symptoms (β = -0.25) |
| Bright & Stanton, 2018 | Social support (ISEL-12) | Depression (CES-D) | Demographics, medical factors, number of children | Greater social support at baseline was associated with lower depressive symptoms at 1month after hormone therapy (β = -0.41, p<0.001) |
| Schmidt et al., 2018 | Perceived social support (MSPSS) | Affective fatigue (FAQ) | Socio-demographics, clinical characteristics | Patients with poor social support (p = 0.001) demonstrated increased affective fatigue |
| Escalera et al., 2019 | Social support (MOS-SSS) | Psychological distress (BSI-18) | Demographics, time since diagnosis, adjuvant breast cancer treatment, cancer stage, history of depression | 1) Patients demonstrated fewer depressive symptoms when they had emotional/informational support (β = -0.17, p = 0.01), tangle support (β = -0.12, p = 0.03), positive social interaction (β = -0.13, p = 0.03) 2) Tangible support (β = -0.16, p = 0.006), affectionate support (β = -0.21, p = 0.001), and positive social interaction (β = -0.14, p = 0.02) were negatively associated with anxiety symptoms |
| Wondimagegnehu et al., 2019 | Social support (MSPSS) | Depression (PHQ-9) | NR | Depressed patients were found to have lower social support than non-depressed women (p = 0.027) |
| Janowski et al., 2020 | Social support (Disease-related Social Support Scale) | Depression (BDI) | NR | 1) Women with greater social support demonstrated lower depression than those with lower social support (t = 4.08, p<0.001) 2) Spiritual support was a significant predictor of depressive symptoms (R2 = 0.27, β = -0.52, t = -5.01, p<0.001). |
| Debretsova &Derakshan., 2021 | Social support (MOS-SSS) | Anxiety and depression (HADS) | NR | Patients with greater social support demonstrated lower depression (r = -0.50, p<0.001) |
| Fisher et al., 2021 | Social support (MOS-SSS) | Depression (CES-D) | Demographics, medical factors | Patients with greater social support demonstrated lower depression (emotional support, β = -3.17, p<0.001) |
| Zamanian et al.,2021 | Social support (MOS-SSS) | Anxiety (DASS-A) and depression (DASS-D) | Demographics, medical factors, spouse’s education, house mates | Patients with greater social support demonstrated lower anxiety and depression (r = -0.26~-0.38, p<0.001) |
| Okati-Aliabad et al., 2022 | Social support (MSPSS) | Anxiety and depression (HADS) | NR | Patients with greater social support demonstrated lower depression (r = -0.21,p<0.001) |
| Social support and /or social constraints | ||||
| Schmidt & Andrykowski 2004 | Social support (DUKE-SSQ) Social constraints (SCS) |
Anxiety and Depression (HADS) | NRv | 1) Patients with greater social support demonstrated lower depression (β = -0.23, p<0.001) 2) Patients with greater social constraints demonstrated greater depression as well as anxiety (β = 0.31, p<0.001; β = 0.34, p<0.001) |
| Wong et al., 2018 | Social constraints (Social constraints scale) Social support (Chinese version of MOS-SSS) |
Depressive symptoms (CES-D) | Demographic, medical variables, cancer stage | 1) The indirect effect of social constraints on depressive symptoms through social support was significant (β = 0.11, p<0.01) 2) The direct effect of social support on depressive symptoms was significant (β = -0.28, p<0.01) |
| Lally et al., 2019 | Social constraints | Depressive symptoms (CES-D) | No covariates | 1) Patients who perceived social constraints from family/friends and spouse/partner reported higher depressive symptoms 2) Patients who experienced increased on family/friends social constraints reported no changes in their depressive symptoms (p = 0.049) 3) Patients who experienced decreased family/friends social constraints reported decreased depressive symptoms (p = 0.049) |
| Social support and family functioning (family conflict and family stress) | ||||
| Lueboonthavatchai, 2007 | Social support (SSQ) Family functioning (Family relationship and functioning questionnaire) |
Anxiety and depression (HADS) | NR | 1) Patients’ anxiety and depression were associated with social support (p<0.001) and family relationship and functioning (p<0.001). 2) Poor family relationship and functioning was a predictor of anxiety and depression (p<0.05). |
| Mantani et al., 2007 | Family functioning (FAD) | Anxiety (Zung self-rating anxiety scale) Depression (Zung self-rating depression scale) |
NR | Patients demonstrated higher depression when they perceived inappropriate affective responsiveness among family members (β = 0.59, p<0.01). |
| Ashing-Giwa et al., 2013 | Social support (MOS-social support survey) Family stress (five-items from Life Stress Scale) |
Depressive symptom (CES-D) | NR | Patients with low social support (r = -.37, p < .01) as well as family stress (r = .522, p = < .01) reported more depressive symptoms |
| Segrin et al., 2018 | Family conflict (Family Assessment Device) | Anxiety (PROMIS-Anxiety short form) Depressive symptoms (CES-D) |
NR | 1) Patients demonstrated higher depressive symptoms when family conflict was high (β = 0.17, p<0.01) 2) Patients demonstrated higher anxiety when their family conflict was high (β = 0.11, p<0.05) |
| Quality of relationships | ||||
| Giese-Davis & Hermanson, 2000 |
Quality of couple’s relationship (FRI): cohesion, expression, conflict | Mood disturbance (POMS) | Income | Patients demonstrated lower mood disturbance when they rated the relationship (w/partners) greater in cohesion-expression (β = -0.42, p<0.01) as well as greater in conflict (β = -0.40, p<0.001) |
| Manne et al., 2007 | Relationship satisfaction (DAS) | Psychological distress (Mental Health Inventory) | Sociodemographic, ECOG, surgery type, functional impairment, time since diagnosis, length of relationship | Greater patient relationship satisfaction was associated with decreased patients’ psychological distress (β = -0.07, p<0.0001) |
| Segrin et al., 2007 | Relationship satisfaction (RAS) | Anxiety (PANAS, SF-12, ICS, and GSDS) Depression (CES-D) |
NR | 1) No association was found between patients’ anxiety and her reported relationship quality 2) Higher anxiety was found in patients when their partners reported dissatisfied relationship quality (T1:r = -0.20, p<0.05; T2:r = -0.28, p<0.01; T3:r = -0.27, p<0.05) |
| Al-Zaben et al., 2015 | Marital quality (SPS&QMI) | Anxiety and Depression (HADS) | NR | No significant association was found of anxiety/depression with the quality of the marital relationship |
| Structural Aspect of Social Relationships | ||||
| Simpson et al., 2002 | Social Integration (ISSSI) | Mental Health (SCL&SCID) Depression (BDI) |
Age, group membership, GAF, BDI, and GSI scores, baseline social support score | 1) Women who had psychiatric illness assessed by SCID had lower social support (p<0.001). 2) Social integration was not a predictor of the present of psychiatric illness. 3) Social integration (adequacy of close relationships) was a predictor of depression at 1-year post intervention (β = -0.23, p<0.01). 4) Social integration (adequacy of more distant supports) was a predictor of global severity of depression at 1 year post-intervention (β = -0.36, p<0.001). |
| Both Aspects of Social Relationships | ||||
| Brothers & Andersen, 2009 | Perceived social support (PSS-F) Social network index (SNI) Presence of significant other/romantic partner |
Depression (CES-D) | Physical functioning | 1) Depression was not associated with perceived social support 2) Patients’ depression at both initial and follow-up was associated with the presence of support person (r = -0.25, p<0.05; r = -0.44, p<0.05) 3) The presence of significant others (β = -0.26, p<0.01) was a significant predictor of depression at follow-up. |
| Gagliardi et al., 2009 | Social network (Social Network List) Social support (1 to 4 Likert-type scale) |
Anxiety (ASQ) Depression (CDQ) |
NR | 1) Patients demonstrated lower anxiety (r = -0.43, p<0.01) and depression (r = -0.35, p<0.05) when they had strong informational support from kins 2) Patients demonstrated lower anxiety when they had strong emotional support (r = -0.356, p<0.05) from kins 3) No association was found between social network and patients’ anxiety and depression |
| Puigpinos-Riera et al., 2018 | Social network (SNI) Social support (MOS-SS) Co-habitation at home |
Anxiety and depression (HADS) | NR | 1) High risks of depression and anxiety were associated with social isolation (p = 0.00; p = 0.00) and low social support (p = 0.00; p = 0.00) 2) Living alone was associated with anxiety (p = 0.011). |
| Wang et al., 2019 | Social support (MOS-SSS) Social network index (count a total number of people who talk at least once every two weeks) |
Depression and anxiety (PROMIS-short form) | Demographics, the level of acculturation (only for Chinese women), and clinical variables | 1) Patients showed more depression and anxiety when they had less social support (all p<0.05) 2) No association was found between social network and patients’ anxiety and depression |
| Liu et al., 2021 | Social support (Social support rating scale) Social network (social isolation subscale of Lubben’s social network) |
Anxiety and depression (HADS) | NR | 1) Patients with lower social support (r = -0.334, p<0.01) and greater social isolation (r = 0.369, p<0.01) demonstrated greater anxiety. 2) Patients with lower social support (r = -0.289, p<0.01) and greater social isolation (r = 0.466, p<0.01) demonstrated greater depression. |
MOS-SSS = Medical Outcomes Survey-Social Support Survey; CARES = Cancer Rehabilitation Evaluation System; HADS = Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; SSS = Social Support Scale; CES-D = Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale; PRQ-II = Personal Resource Questionnaire II; FACT-B = Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast; POMS = Profile of Mood States; POMS-SF = Profile of Mood States-Short Form; NSSQ = Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire;SSQ6 = Social Support Questionnaire Short Form; STAI = State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; SSRS = Social Support Rating Scale; PSSS = Perceived Social Support Scale; FSSS = Familiar Social Support Scale; SSDS = Siddiqui-Shah Depression Scale; SCS = Social Constraints Scale; ASQ = Anxiety Scale Questionnaire; CDQ = Clinical Depression Questionnaire; MBSR = Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction; SET = Supportive Expressive Group Therapy; CSOSI = Calgary Symptom of Stress Inventory; PANAS = Positive and Negative Affect Schedule; RAS = Relationship Assessment Scale; MIS = Lewis Mutuality and Interpersonal Sensitivity Scale; FHI = Family Hardiness Index; MDSS = Multi-Dimensional Support Scale; BDI-SF = Beck Depression Inventory-Short Form; DUKE-SSQ = Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire; SCS = Social Constraints Scale; FRI = Family Relationship Index; MSPSS = Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support; PHQ-9 = Patient Health Questionnaire 9; DAS = Dyadic Adjustment Scale; FACT-B: Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast; BSI = Brief Symptom Inventory; CPASS = Cancer Perceived Agents of Social Support; ESSI = ENRICHD Social Support Instrument; ISEL = Support Evaluation List; SCL-90R: Standard Checklist-90-Revised; GSI = Global Severity Index; FAQ = Fatigue Assessment Questionnaire; MINI = Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview; APGRA = Adaptability, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve; SNI = Berkman-Syme Network Index; FES = Family Environment Scale; PROMIS = Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System; CPSSS = Cancer Patient’s Social Support Scale; SIAS = Social Image Anxiety Scale; MIHT = Multidimensional Inventory of Hypochondriacal Traits; USII = Unsupportive Social Interactions Inventory; SSQ = Social Support Questionnaire; TMD = Total Mood Disturbance; FACIT-G = Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-General; SPS = Spousal Perception Scale; QMI = Quality of Marriage Index; ISEL-12 = Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (12 items); SPS-M: Social Provision Scale-Modified; BSSS = Berlin Social Support Scale; SCID = Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R; VAS = Visual Analogue Scales; ISSB = Inventory of Socially Supportive Behaviors; MISSB = Modified Inventory of Socially Supportive Behaviors; SF-12 = 12-item Short Form Survey; ICS = Index of Clinical Stress; GSDS = General Symptom Distress Scale