Table 1.
Participant characteristics
| Variable | Younger Men | MA/O Men with Low T | MA/O Men with Normal T | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 6 | 10 | 10 | |
| Race | 3 C, 2 A, 1 AA | 10 C | 9 C, 1 AA | |
| Age, yr | 31 ± 4 | 57 ± 6* | 56 ± 3* | <0.001 |
| Mass, kg | 73.2 ± 12.0 | 93.5 ± 15.4 | 83.9 ± 13.5 | 0.051 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.1 ± 3.4 | 30.1 ± 4.8* | 27.9 ± 3.4 | 0.017 |
| Body fat, % | 20.1 ± 6.0 | 32.4 ± 4.2* | 29.2 ± 5.2* | <0.001 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 112 ± 9 | 131 ± 8* | 125 ± 8* | 0.002 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 70 ± 7 | 80 ± 5* | 79 ± 8 | 0.034 |
| V̇o2max, mL/kg/min | 48.6 ± 9.5 | 30.1 ± 4.3* | 31.9 ± 6.0* | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 138.8 ± 29.0 | 193.5 ± 17.0* | 195.0 ± 29.6* | 0.004 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 93.8 ± 33.7 | 149.6 ± 15.7* | 151.3 ± 30* | 0.005 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 70.8 ± 27.0 | 150.4 ± 60.9 | 158.9 ± 185.4 | 0.469 |
| Glucose, mg/dL | 86 ± 5 | 98 ± 4* | 86 ± 10† | 0.01 |
| Insulin, µIU/mL | 3 ± 2 | 6 ± 3 | 4 ± 2 | 0.207 |
| HOMA-IR | 0.54 ± 0.45 | 1.11 ± 0.97 | 0.8 ± 0.57 | 0.156 |
| Testosterone, ng/dL | 535 ± 60 | 262 ± 31* | 493 ± 85† | <0.001 |
| Free testosterone, ng/dL | 11.1 ± 2.1 | 6.8 ± 2.5* | 9.2 ± 4.2 | 0.045 |
| Estradiol, pg/mL | 37 ± 18 | 44 ± 18 | 38 ± 14 | 0.736 |
| Follicle stimulating hormone, mIU/mL | 2.4 ± 1.0 | 3.5 ± 1.0 | 3.3 ± 0.8 | 0.132 |
| Luteinizing hormone, mIU/mL | 3.4 ± 1.3 | 2.4 ± 1.0 | 3.5 ± 1.1 | 0.206 |
| Sex hormone binding globulin, nmol/L | 34 ± 9 | 22 ± 11 | 43 ± 5.1† | 0.046 |
| qADAM | 38.2 ± 5.3 | 35.3 ± 4.3 | 35.7 ± 5.4 | 0.514 |
| AMS | 20 ± 3 | 25 ± 4* | 24 ± 3 | 0.016 |
| Sexual domaina | 5.5 [5.0–7.25] | 7.0 [5.75–9.25] | 6.0 [5.0–9.25] | 0.351 |
| Psychological domain | 6.8 ± 2.1 | 7.4 ± 2.7 | 7.7 ± 2.3 | 0.802 |
| Somato-vegetative domain | 8.0 ± 1.5 | 9.3 ± 1.8* | 11.6 ± 3.0 | 0.013 |
Data were examined using one-way ANOVAs and are displayed as means ± SD except in the case of nonnormally distributed data (a), which were examined using the Kruskal-Wallis test and are displayed as median [interquartile range]. A, Asian; AA, African American; AMS, Aging Male Symptom scale; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; C, Caucasian; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model analysis of insulin resistance; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MA/O, middle-aged/older; qADAM, quantitative Androgen Deficiency in Aging Male Questionnaire; T, testosterone. Boldface indicates significant main effect. *P < 0.05 compared with younger men, †P < 0.05 compared with MA/O men with low T.